| 词条 | King Alfred's Tower |
| 释义 |
|image=King Alfred's Tower view from west.jpg |alt=King Alfred's Tower |caption= |name=King Alfred's Tower |location_town=Brewham, Somerset |location_country=England |map_type=Somerset |coordinates = {{coord|51.115|-2.365|display=inline,title}} |architect=Henry Flitcroft |client=Henry Hoare |engineer= |construction_start_date=1769 |completion_date=1772 |date_demolished= |cost= |structural_system= |style= |height={{convert|49|m|ft|0}} }} King Alfred's Tower, also known as The Folly of King Alfred the Great or Stourton Tower, is a folly tower. It is in the parish of Brewham in the English county of Somerset, and was built as part of the Stourhead estate and landscape. The tower stands on Kingsettle Hill and belongs to the National Trust. It is designated as a grade I listed building. Henry Hoare II planned in the 1760s the tower to commemorate the end of the Seven Years' War against France and the accession of King George III near the location of 'Egbert's stone' where it is believed that Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, rallied the Saxons in May 878 before the important Battle of Edington. It was damaged by a plane in 1944 and restored in the 1980s. The {{convert|49|m|ft|0|adj=mid|-high}} triangular tower has a hollow centre and is climbed by means of a spiral staircase in one of the corner projections. It includes a statue of King Alfred and dedication inscription. LocationThe tower stands near the location of 'Egbert's stone', where it was said that Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, rallied the Saxons in May 878 before the important Battle of Edington (historically known as the battle of Ethandun [1][2]), where the Danish army, led by Guthrum the Old was defeated.[3][4] It is the start of the Leland Trail, a {{convert|28|mi|km|1|adj=on}} footpath which runs from King Alfred's Tower to Ham Hill Country Park.[5]HistoryThe project to build the tower was conceived in 1762 by the banker Henry Hoare II (1705-1785).[6] The tower was also intended to commemorate the end of the Seven Years' War against France and the accession of King George III.[7] Alfred's Tower is a monument to the genius of English landscape, many of whose loveliest haunts it commands, and to a man who certainly deserves to be remembered as among the great benefactors of the English scene. - Christopher Hussey, Country Life, 11 June 1938.[8] In 1765 Henry Flitcroft, a Palladian architect, designed the tower.[4] Building began in 1769 or early 1770, and was completed in 1772 at an estimated cost between £5,000 and £6,000.[7] There may have been some delay due to difficulty in obtaining the bricks.[9] In addition to the commemorative function, the tower was also intended to serve as an eye-catching focus for those touring the parkland of the Stourhead Estate.[10][11] In April 1770, when the tower was just {{convert|4.7|m|ft|0}} high, Hoare is quoted as saying: 'I hope it will be finished in as happy Times to this Isle as Alfred finished his Life of Glory in then I shall depart in peace.'[12] The tower was damaged in 1944 when an aeroplane, a Noorduyn Norseman ironically, crashed into it, resulting in the death of the five aircrew and damage to the highest {{convert|10|m}}.[13][14][15] It was designated as a Grade I listed building in 1961.[6][16] The tower was restored in 1986, which included the use of a Wessex helicopter to lower a {{convert|300|kg|st|0|adj=on}} stone onto the top. The statue of King Alfred was also restored at this time, including the replacement of his missing right forearm.[7] ArchitectureThe triangular tower is over {{convert|40|m|ft|0}} high with a girth of {{convert|51|m|ft|0}}. Each of the three corners of the triangular structure has a round projection.[16] The centre of the tower is hollow and to stop birds from entering the space a mesh has been added at roof level. The viewing platform, which has a crenellated parapet and offers a view over the surrounding countryside, is reached by a 205-step spiral staircase at the corner furthest from the entrance.[4] The brick tower has Chilmark stone dressings and is surmounted by an embattled parapet.[17][18] The 'front' (south-east) face of the tower has a Gothic-arched entrance door, a statue of King Alfred, and a stone panel bearing an inscription (see below). This is the face that most visitors see first when walking from Stourhead garden or from the nearby car park. InscriptionAround the Stourhead estate are several inscriptions. The one on the tower was drafted in 1762 and installed in 1772.[19] The stone tablet above the door on the east face of the tower reads:
See also
References1. ^{{Cite book|last=Lavelle|first=Ryan|title=Alfred's Wars Sources and Interpretations of Anglo-Saxon Warfare in the Viking Age|publisher=Boydel Press|location=Woodbridge, Suffolk|isbn=978-1-84383-569-1|year=2010|pages=308–314}} 2. ^{{Cite book|last=Asser |authorlink=Asser |contribution=Life of King Alfred|editor-first=Simon|editor-last=Keynes |editor2-first=Michael |editor2-last=Lapidge |title=Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred & Other Contemporary Sources |publisher=Penguin Classics |year=1983|isbn=978-0-14-044409-4}} pp. 176 – 177 and fn. 90 p. 323 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Tobias|first=R.C.|title=The Year's Work in Victorian Poetry: 1966|journal=Victorian Poetry|date=Autumn 1967|volume=5|issue=3|page=200|jstor=40001410}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web | url=http://www.alfredstower.info/ | title=King Alfred's Tower | publisher=King Alfred's Tower |accessdate=25 November 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Leland Trail|url=http://www.walkingpages.co.uk/trails_paths/ldplelandtrail.html|publisher=Walking Pages|accessdate=17 May 2014}} 6. ^1 {{IoE|261509 |Alfred's Tower |accessdate=1 April 2008 }} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Somerset Follies |last=Holt |first=Jonathan |authorlink= |year=2007 |publisher=Akeman Press |location=Bath |isbn=978-0-9546138-7-7 |pages=46–47 }} 8. ^{{cite journal|title=The Gardens at Stourhead, Wiltshire. The Seat of Sir Henry Hoare|last=Hussey|first=Christopher|journal=Country Life|date=11 June 1938}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last=Woodbridge|first=Kenneth|title=Henry Hoare's Paradise|journal=The Art Bulletin|date=March 1965|volume=47|issue=1|page=109| jstor=3048235}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Stourhead park (part), Alfred's Tower, Brewham|url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/28626|work=Somerset Historic Environment Record|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=15 May 2014}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last=Kelsall|first=Malcolm|title=The Iconography of Stourhead|journal=Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes|date=1983|volume=46|pages=133–143|jstor=751117}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Lapidge|first=Michael|title=Anglo-Saxon England|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|pages=322|isbn=978-0-521-65203-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wCPVQe8J5_MC&pg=PA322&lpg=PA322&dq='I+hope+it+will+be+finished+in+as+happy+Times+to+this+Isle+as+Alfred+finished+his+Life+of+Glory+in+then+I+shall+depart+in+peace}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Additional Information|url=http://www.alfredstower.info/AddInfo.aspx|publisher=King Alfred's Tower|accessdate=26 May 2014}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=King Alfred's Tower|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/king-alfreds-tower|publisher=Atlas Obscura|accessdate=26 December 2013}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Alfred's Tower|url=http://follydata.com/data/0006.htm|publisher=Folly Data|accessdate=26 May 2014}} 16. ^1 {{NHLE|desc=Alfred's Tower|num=1175610|accessdate=26 December 2013}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Alfred's Tower, Kingsettle Hill (South side), Brewham|url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/50734|work=Somerset Historic Environment Record|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=15 May 2014}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Alfred's Tower, Brewham|url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/55478|work=Somerset Historic Environment Record|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=15 May 2014}} 19. ^{{cite journal|last=Turner|first=James|journal=The Art Bulletin|date= March 1979|volume=61|issue=1|pages=68–77 | title=The Structure of Henry Hoare's Stourhead|jstor=3049865|doi=10.2307/3049865}} External links{{Commons category|King Alfred's Tower}}
11 : Towers in Somerset|Monuments and memorials in Somerset|Grade I listed buildings in South Somerset|National Trust properties in Somerset|Tourist attractions in Somerset|Folly towers in England|Towers completed in 1772|Alfred the Great|Observation towers in the United Kingdom|Grade I listed towers|Grade I listed monuments and memorials |
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