| 词条 | Kingdom of Portugal |
| 释义 |
|native_name = {{lang|la|Regnum Portugalliae}} (Latin) {{lang|pt|Reino de Portugal}} (Portuguese) |conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Portugal{{efn|After 1415, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves (Latin: Regnum Portugalliae et Algarbiae, Portuguese: Reino de Portugal e dos Algarves), and between 1815 and 1822, it was known as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (Portuguese: Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves).}} |common_name = Portugal |year_start = 1139 |life_span = 1139–1910 |event_start = Battle of Ourique |date_start = 25 July |event_end = Revolution of 1910 |date_end = 5 October |year_end = 1910 |event3 = Restoration of Independence |date_event3 = 1 December 1640 |event4 = Lisbon Regicide |date_event4 = 1 February 1908 |p1 = County of Portugal |flag_p1 = PortugueseFlag1095.svg |p2 = Couto Misto |flag_p2 = Flag of the Couto Misto.svg |s1 = First Portuguese Republic |flag_s1 = Flag of Portugal.svg |s2 = Empire of Brazil |flag_s2 = Flag of Empire of Brazil (1822-1870).svg |s3 = Canada (New France){{!}}Canada |flag_s3 = Royal Standard of King Louis XIV.svg |s4 = Dahomey |flag_s4 = Dahomey kingdom flag.png |image_flag = Flag Portugal (1830).svg |image_coat = |flag_type = Flag (1830–1910) |symbol_type = Coat of Arms |image_map = Portuguese empire 1800.png |image_map_caption = Kingdom of Portugal in 1800 |national_anthem = "Hymno Patriótico" (1808–1826) "Patriotic Anthem" Hino da Carta (1826–1910) "Anthem of the Charter" |common_languages = Official languages: {{unbulleted list | Portuguese{{efn|Galician-Portuguese (until 16th century) Modern Portuguese (16th century onward)}} | Latin{{efn|Widely used for administrative and liturgical purposes. Medieval Latin replaced by Renaissance Latin by the 15th century.}} }} Unofficial languages: {{unbulleted list | Mozarabic{{efn|Until 13th century.}} | Andalusian Arabic{{efn|Until 1497, mainly in the Algarve.}} | Judaeo-Portuguese{{efn|Until 1497.}} }} |capital = Coimbra (1139–1255) Lisbon{{anchor|info1}}[a] (1255–1808) Rio de Janeiro (1808–1821) Lisbon (1821–1830) Angra do Heroísmo (1830–1834) Lisbon (1834–1910) |religion = Majority: Roman Catholicism (official) Minority: Sephardic Judaism{{efn|Until 1497.}} Islam{{efn|Until 1497.}} |government_type = Absolute monarchy (1139–1822; 1823–1826; 1828–1834) Constitutional monarchy (1822–1823; 1826–1828; 1834–1910) |leader1 = Afonso I (first) |leader2 = Manuel II (last) |year_leader1 = 1139–1185 |year_leader2 = 1908–1910 |title_leader = Monarch |deputy1 = Marquis of Palmela (first) |deputy2 = Teixeira de Sousa (last) |year_deputy1 = 1834–1835 |year_deputy2 = 1910 |title_deputy = Prime Minister |legislature = Cortes Gerais |house1 = Chamber of Peers |type_house1 = Upper house |house2 = Chamber of Deputies |type_house2 = Lower house |stat_year1 = 1910 (metro) |stat_area1 = 92391 |stat_pop1 = 5,969,056 |currency = Portuguese dinheiro, (1139–1433) Portuguese real (1433–1910) |footnotes = {{anchor|inforefa}}a. ^ The capital was de facto located at Rio de Janeiro from 1808 to 1821. |today ={{Collapsible list|title=Countries today|{{flag|Portugal}} {{flag|Brazil}} {{flag|Angola}} {{flag|East Timor}} {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} {{flag|Canada}} {{flag|Benin}} {{flag|Barbados}} {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} {{flag|Macau}} (People's Republic of China) {{flag|Ceuta}} (Spain) {{flag|Mozambique}} {{flag|Cape Verde}} {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} {{flag|India}} {{flag|Indonesia}} {{flag|Malaysia}} {{flag|Sri Lanka}} {{flag|Uruguay}} {{flag|Oman}} {{flag|Bahrain}} {{flag|Yemen}} {{flag|Qatar}} {{flag|Maldives}} {{flag|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha}}}} }}{{History of Portugal}} The Kingdom of Portugal ({{lang-la|Regnum Portugalliae}}, {{lang-pt|Reino de Portugal}}) was a monarchy on the Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of modern Portugal. It was in existence from 1139 until 1910. After 1415, it was also known as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves, and between 1815 and 1822, it was known as the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. The name is also often applied to the Portuguese Empire, the realm's extensive overseas colonies.The nucleus of the Portuguese state was the County of Portugal, established in the 9th century as part of the Reconquista, by Vímara Peres, a vassal of the King of Asturias. The county became part of the Kingdom of León in 1097, and the Counts of Portugal established themselves as rulers of an independent kingdom in the 12th century, following the battle of São Mamede. The kingdom was ruled by the Alfonsine Dynasty until the 1383–85 Crisis, after which the monarchy passed to the House of Aviz.During the 15th and 16th century, Portuguese exploration established a vast colonial empire. From 1580 to 1640, the Kingdom of Portugal was in personal union with Habsburg Spain.After the Portuguese Restoration War of 1640–1668, the kingdom passed to the House of Braganza and thereafter to the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. From this time, the influence of Portugal declined, but it remained a major power due to its most valuable colony, Brazil. After the independence of Brazil, Portugal sought to establish itself in Africa, but was ultimately forced to yield to the British interests, leading to the collapse of the monarchy in the 5 October 1910 revolution and the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic.Portugal was a decisive absolute monarchy before 1822. It rotated between absolute and constitutional monarchy from 1822 until 1834, and was a decisive constitutional monarchy after 1834.== History ===== Origins ===The Kingdom of Portugal finds its origins in the County of Portugal (1093–1139). The Portuguese County was a semi-autonomous county of the Kingdom of León. Independence from León took place in three stages:# The first on 26 July 1139 when Afonso Henriques was acclaimed King of the PortugueseWilner, Hero, Weiner, p. 190 |
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