| 词条 | Kingsley Davis |
| 释义 |
| name = Kingsley Davis | birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|08|20}} | birth_place = Jones County, Texas | death_date = {{Death date and age|1997|02|27|1908|08|20}} | death_place = Stanford, California | education = University of Texas Harvard University }} Kingsley Davis (August 20, 1908 – February 27, 1997) was an internationally recognized American sociologist and demographer. He was identified by the American Philosophical Society as one of the most outstanding social scientists of the twentieth century, and was a Hoover Institution senior research fellow. Education and careerDavis received his Ph.D. from Harvard University and taught at Smith College, Clark University, Pennsylvania State University, Princeton University, Columbia University, the University of California at Berkeley and the University of Southern California.[1] Among his other accomplishments, Davis
Davis won the Irene B. Taeuber Award for outstanding research in demography (1978), the Common Wealth Award for distinguished work in sociology (1979), and the Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award from the American Sociological Association (1982).[2] In 1953 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.[3] ResearchDavis led and conducted major studies of societies in Europe, South America, Africa and Asia, coined the term "population explosion,", and played a major role in the naming and development of the demographic transition model.[1][4] He was also one of the original scholars in the development of the theory of overurbanization.[5][6] He is also credited with coining the term "zero population growth" [1][9] although George Stolnitz claimed to have that distinction.[7] Davis had several children while espousing limitations on childbearing worldwide. Davis also published an influential article with Wilbert E. Moore entitled "Some Principles of Stratification,"[8] which was a very influential functionalist account of the reasons for social inequality. Davis and Moore synthesize Durkheim and Parsons to argue for the "functional necessity" of some positions over others: those that are highest paid go to the most deserving individuals; at the same time, the differential rewards motivates individuals to work to fill positions they might otherwise not. Thus, from this perspective, illness is a deviant state because it means that the individual may not be able to fill their role. Sociologists see this article as a paradigmatic case of functionalist logic, and indeed, Davis came to be a leading figure in this school of sociology.[9] As a demographer, Davis was internationally recognized for his expertise in world population growth and resources, the history and theory of international migration, world urbanization, demographic transition and population policy.[10] Published worksKingsley Davis was a prolific scholar who published numerous research articles, book chapters and books. {{refbegin}}Books
Chapters
Edited volumes
Other writingIn the popular press, Davis' work appeared in "Scientific American," "Science," the "New York Times Magazine," "Commentary," "Foreign Affairs" and numerous newspapers.[2] In 1957, Davis predicted that population of the world would reach six billion by the year 2000. He was remarkably close; that population figure was reached in October 1999.[11] References1. ^1 2 Kingsley Davis at Encyclopædia Britannica 2. ^1 Obituary at Stanford News 3. ^View/Search Fellows of the ASA, accessed 2016-07-23. 4. ^Biography from Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 5. ^Sovani, N. V. “The Analysis of ‘Over-Urbanization.’” Economic Development and Cultural Change 12, no. 2 (January 1, 1964): 113–22. 6. ^Davis, Kingsley, and Hilda Hertz Golden. “Urbanization and the Development of Pre-Industrial Areas.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 3, no. 1 (October 1954): 6–26. 7. ^George J. Stolnitz (1955) Population Studies, Vol. 9, No. 1. pp. 24-55 8. ^Davis, K, and Moore, W. E. "Some principles of stratification." American Sociological Review, 10 (2), 242-49 9. ^De Maio, F. Health & Social Theory. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, 29. 10. ^1 {{cite news |title= Kingsley Davis, Hoover fellow, demographer, sociologist, dies at age 88 |date=4 March 1997 |newspaper=Stanford News Service |publisher=Stanford University |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/97/970305davisobit.html |accessdate=6 October 2015}} 11. ^Bookrags.com Further reading
External links
9 : 1908 births|1997 deaths|American sociologists|American demographers|Presidents of the American Sociological Association|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Harvard University alumni|University of Texas alumni|Fellows of the American Statistical Association |
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