| 词条 | Kiranjit Ahluwalia |
| 释义 |
| name = Kiranjit Ahluwalia | image = | image_size = 241px | caption = Aishwariya Rai and Kiranjit Ahluwalia (l-r) | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1955}} | birth_place = Chak Kalal, Punjab, India | occupation = Human rights activist, author | children = two sons }}Kiranjit Ahluwalia (born 1955) is an Indian woman who came to international attention after burning her husband to death in 1989 in the UK. She claimed it was in response to ten years of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse.[1] After initially being convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison, Ahluwalia's conviction was later overturned on grounds of inadequate counsel and replaced with voluntary manslaughter. Although her submission of provocation failed (under R v Duffy the loss of control needed to be sudden,[2] which this was not), she successfully pleaded the partial defence of diminished responsibility under s.2 Homicide Act 1957 on the grounds that fresh medical evidence (which was not available at her original trial) may indicate diminished mental responsibility.[3] The film Provoked (2006) is a fictionalised account of Ahluwalia's life. BackgroundIn 1979, at the age of 24, Kiranjit left her home of Chak Kalal in Punjab to travel to the United Kingdom after marrying her husband, Deepak—a man she had only met once. She stated that she had suffered from domestic abuse for ten years, including physical violence, food deprivation, and marital rape.[1][4] When Kiranjit looked to her family for help, they reprimanded her, saying it was a matter of family honor that she remain with her husband. She ultimately tried running away from home, but was found by her husband and brought back. During her marriage, Kiranjit had two sons who she claimed often bore witness to the violence she endured.[4] However, neither boy gave evidence supporting this in court or police interviews prior to the trial. One evening in the spring of 1989, Kiranjit was allegedly attacked by her husband. She later accused him of trying to break her ankles and burn her face with a hot iron, apparently trying to extort money from her extended family. Later that night, while her husband lay sleeping, Kiranjit fetched some petrol and caustic soda mixture from the garage and mixed it to create napalm. She poured it over the bed and set it alight, and ran into a garden with her three-year-old son.[5] In a later interview she stated: "I decided to show him how much it hurt. At times I had tried to run away, but he would catch me and beat me even harder. I decided to burn his feet so he couldn't run after me."[4] She also claimed: "I wanted to give him a scar like those he had given me, to have him suffer pain as I had." Deepak suffered severe burns over 40% of his body and died 10 days later in hospital from complications of severe burns and subsequent sepsis. Kiranjit, who could only speak broken English at the time, was arrested and ultimately charged with murder.[6] Trial and convictionKiranjit was convicted of murder in December 1989.[7] At the trial, the prosecution argued that although on the night of the event she had been threatened with a hot poker, the fact that she waited until her husband had gone to sleep was evidence that she had time to "cool off" and weigh to a nicety her actions.[7] In addition the prosecution claimed her prior knowledge to mix caustic soda with petrol to create napalm was not common knowledge and was proof that she had planned her husband's murder. Her counsel did not make any claims about the violence she later claimed she had endured, while the prosecution suggested that Kiranjit was motivated by jealousy due to her husband's repeated affairs.[4] She was found guilty of murder and sentenced to life in prison.[8] Appeal and releaseHer case eventually came to the attention of the Southall Black Sisters who pressed for a mistrial. Kiranjit's conviction was overturned on appeal in 1992 on grounds of insufficient counsel—Kiranjit had not been aware that she could plead guilty to manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility. In addition, it was brought to light that she was suffering from severe depression when she lashed back at her husband, which her new counsel argued had altered her decision-making abilities at the time.[4] After the mistrial was declared, the Crown Prosecution Service did not attempt another prosecution. ImpactKiranjit's case helped raise awareness of domestic violence in families of non-English speaking immigrants to Western countries, as well as changing the laws for domestic abuse victims in the United Kingdom.[1] Her case, known in British legal textbooks as R v Ahluwalia, changed the definition of the word "provocation" in cases of battered women, so as to reclassify her crime as manslaughter instead of murder,[9] and in the same year as her appeal, lead to the freeing of Emma Humphreys and Sara Thornton.[9] Kiranjit was honored in 2001 at the first Asian Women Awards in recognition of her "strength, personal achievements, determination and commitment" in helping to bring to light the subject of domestic violence.[1] She wrote an autobiography with co-author Rahila Gupta, Circle of Light.[10] Gita Sahgal made a film called Unprovoked for the British television investigative documentary programme Dispatches on the subject of Kiranjit's experience.[11]The story was fictionalised in the film Provoked, which was screened at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. Naveen Andrews played Deepak and Aishwarya Rai played the role of Kiranjit. During the screening at Cannes, Kiranjit sat next to Rai, holding her hand and sobbing during the most violent scenes.[4] Footnotes1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1651234.stm|title=Killer given domestic violence award|date=12 November 2001|work=BBC News|author=Cherie Booth | accessdate=5 January 2010}} {{Miscarriage of justice in the UK}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahluwalia, Kiranjit}}2. ^R v Duffy [1949] 1 All ER 932 3. ^R v Ahluwalia[1992] 4 All ER 889 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/gender/story/0,,2049522,00.html|title=I wanted him to stop hurting me|date=4 April 2007|author=Staff Writer|location=London|work=The Guardian}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article1604983.ece|title=Abused wife who killed her husband shocks Bollywood|author= James Rossiter|date=3 April 2007|location=London|work=The Times}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stophonourkillings.com/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1490|author=Joanne Payton|date=8 April 2007|title=Express India Interview with Kiranjit Ahluwalia}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Kramarae|first1=Cheris|last2=Spender|first2=Dale|title=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0ths5DOgGgC&pg=PA723|accessdate=27 November 2012|year=2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9780415920889|pages=723–}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Tyson|first=Danielle|title=Sex, Culpability and the Defence of Provocation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=km6v_Jsv4wUC&pg=PA27|accessdate=27 November 2012|date=2012-08-21|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136298837|pages=27–}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|last=Smartt|first=Ursula|title=Law for Criminologists: A Practical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Ab04WQ4XAoC&pg=PA12|accessdate=27 November 2012|date=2008-12-01|publisher=SAGE|isbn=9781412945707|pages=12–}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1050612/asp/look/story_4851495.asp|work=The Telegraph|author=Amit Roy|title=An eye for an eye|date=12 June 2005}} 11. ^Joshi, Ruchir, " UNPROVOKED-A historic moment swallowed by the box office," The Telegraph, 10 June 2007, accessed 16 February 2010 9 : 1955 births|Living people|Indian women's rights activists|Punjabi people|Indian people convicted of manslaughter|Activists from Punjab, India|Indian women activists|Victims of domestic abuse|Indian expatriates in the United Kingdom |
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