| 词条 | Kirkuk Citadel |
| 释义 |
|name = Kirkuk citadel |native_name = Kurdish: Qelay Kerkûk, {{lang-ar|قَلْعَة كَرْكُوْك|Qalʿat Karkūk}} |image = |caption = View of the Kirkuk citadel |condition = Partially ruined |open_to_public = Yes |location = Kirkuk, Iraq |coordinates = {{coord|35|28|11|N|44|23|45|E|region:IQ_type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title,inline}} | pushpin_map = Iraq | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Iraq | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_marksize = |footnotes = }} The Kirkuk Citadel (Kurdish: Qelay Kerkûk, {{lang-ar|قَلْعَة كَرْكُوْك|Qalʿat Karkūk}}, {{lang-tr|Kerkük Kalesi}}) is located in the centre of the city of Kirkuk in Iraq, and is considered to be the oldest part of the city. The citadel stands on an artificial mound 130 feet high located on a plateau across the Khasa River. HistoryThe mound, or tell is believed to have been built by King Ashurnasirpal II between 884 and 858 BCE as a military defence line of Arrapha. Other historians believe it had been built by the Gutians who are the very ancient origin of the Iraqi people. By 4000 years ago, the Akadian/Assyrian called it the Castle of Shilwases because the ruler was the Hurrian (a very big old Armenian clan) King Shilwa Teshub.{{cn|date=February 2019}} Later King Seleucus I Nicator[1] built a strong rampart with 72 towers around the 72 streets and the two entries to the citadel. A jewel of the citadel is the so-called "Red Church", with traces of mosaics dating to the period before the Islamic conquest of Iraq in the 7th century. It is believed that Timur visited the citadel in 1393 during his military expedition. The modern walls go back to the Ottoman period. In the 1990s, Saddam Hussein, the former Iraqi president, announced a campaign to beautify the walled citadel. A large number of historical and religious sites still exist there, including a monument believed to be the Tomb of Daniel.[2] See also{{stack|{{portal|Iraq}}}}References1. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJY3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA144#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam |author=Clifford Edmund Bosworth |page=144}} {{Mosques in Iraq|state=collapsed}}{{Iraq-mosque-stub}}2. ^{{citation |work=ئاراس |title=كركوك في العصور القديمة |url=http://www.koord.com/webbook/book/aras/aras1/kerkuk.htm |language=ar |access-date=}} 2 : Castles in Iraq|Buildings and structures in Kirkuk |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。