| 词条 | Knocker-up |
| 释义 |
A knocker-up, sometimes known as a knocker-upper, was a profession[1] in Britain and Ireland that started during and lasted well into the Industrial Revolution, when alarm clocks were neither cheap nor reliable, and to as late as the beginning of the 1920s. A knocker-up's job was to rouse sleeping people so they could get to work on time.[2][3] The knocker-up used a baton or short, heavy stick to knock on the clients' doors or a long and light stick,[4] often made of bamboo, to reach windows on higher floors. At least one of them used a pea-shooter.[5] In return, the knocker-up would be paid a few pence a week. The knocker-up would not leave a client's window until they were sure that the client had been awoken. A knocker upper would also use a 'snuffer outer' as a tool to rouse the sleeping. This implement was used to put out gas lamps which were lit at dusk and then needed to be extinguished at dawn. There were large numbers of people carrying out the job, especially in larger industrial towns such as Manchester. Generally the job was done by elderly men and women but sometimes police constables supplemented their pay by performing the task during early morning patrols.[6] In mediaCharles Dickens's Great Expectations includes a brief description of a knocker-up. Hindle Wakes, a play written by Stanley Houghton and then a movie (of the same title) directed by Maurice Elvey, similarly involves one. The profession of a knocker-up is documented and explained in the episode "The Industrial Revolution" of the television series The Worst Jobs in History. A knocker-upper appears at the very beginning of the musical The Wind Road Boys by Paul Flynn. He walks along a group of children who are all holding slates with a number chalked upon them. The number on the slates denotes at what hour the householder wished to be woken in the morning and he calls and raps on the windows with his stick accordingly. References1. ^{{cite book | last = Leigh | first = Egderton |author2=Roger Wilbraham | title = A glossary of words used in the dialect of Cheshire | publisher = Hamilton, Adams, and Co. | year = 1877 | location = | page = 117 }} (One of the curious ways of earning a livelihood in the manufacturing towns) 2. ^{{cite book | last = Macauley | first = James | title = The Leisure Hour Vol VI | publisher = | year = 1857 | location = London | page = 312 }} 3. ^{{cite book |last1=Hylton |first1=Stuart |year=1998 |title=From Rationing to Rock: The 1950s Revisited |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SVxnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22In+1951+British+Railways+still%22&dq=%22In+1951+British+Railways+still%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y |location=Stroud |publisher=Sutton |page=29 |isbn=0750917334 |access-date=12 January 2017 }} 4. ^{{cite book | last = Taylor | first = Simon | title = A land of dreams: a study of Jewish and Caribbean migrant communities in England | publisher = Routledge | year = 1993 | location = | page = 59 }} (The knocker-up man and his long pole...) 5. ^Topham, John. Knocker-up Armed with a Pea Shooter, 1931 (photograph) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118042410/http://www.edp24.co.uk/norfolk-life/knocker_up_armed_with_a_pea_shooter_1_578884 |date=2013-01-18 }} (accessed 2012-10-22) 6. ^{{cite book | last = Taylor | first = David | title = The new police in nineteenth-century England: crime, conflict, and control | publisher = Manchester University Press | year = 1997 | location = Manchester, UK | page = 68| isbn = 978-0-7190-4729-9 }} (An entrepreneurial bobby could earn a shilling or two by acting as a knocker-up) External links
3 : Obsolete occupations|Social history of England|Personal care and service occupations |
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