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词条 Konar (caste)
释义

  1. Etymology

  2. History

  3. See also

  4. References

{{short description|Tamil caste}}{{use Indian English|date=October 2018}}{{use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}{{Infobox caste|caste_name=Konar|classification=|languages=Tamil|religions=Hinduism|related=|subdivisions=}}Konar is a ethnic group from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. They were traditionally held to be a pastoral community involved in cattle cultivation, who are otherwise also known as Ayar and Idaiyar ,[1] and who appear in the ancient Sangam literature as occupants of the Mullai (forest region).[2]{{efn|The five regions that comprised the Sangam landscapes are literary devices, not geographical areas.[3]}}. However, historically they have held positions such as kings and chieftains.[3]

Etymology

According to Alf Hiltebeitel, Konar is a regional name for Yadava, the caste to which Krishna belongs.[4] The caste name is interchangeable with the names Konar and Kovalar being derived from Tamil word Kōn, which can mean "king" and "herdsmen".[5][6] The word might be derived from the Sanskrit word gó meaning "cow" or from Tamil word kōl, a herdsman's staff.[5]

The word Ayar might be derived from the Tamil word Aa, meaning cow.[5] The term idai (middle) might refer to the Mullai region, being an intermediate zone between two other Sangam landscapes called Kurinji (hilly region) and Marutham (cultivation region), but probably reflected their intermediate socio-economic status.[7] Idaiyar remains the most commonly used word in Tamil for a cow-herder, and another name for Ayars was pothuvar, meaning common.[8]

History

According to medieval inscriptions, the konars are mentioned as Nandaputras of yadava lineage.[9][10] The Ay rulers claimed they belonged to the line of the Yadavas or Ayar

.[11]

See also

  • Koviar

References

Notes{{notelist}}Citations
1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PozZAAAAMAAJ|title=Religious Festivals in South India and Sri Lanka|last=Richard|first=Guy|publisher=Manohar|year=1982|page=128}}
2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.no/books?id=-qU5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA258|title=Possessed by the Virgin: Hinduism, Roman Catholicism, and Marian Possession in South India|last=Bloomer|first=Kristin C.|year=2018|publisher=Oxford University Pres|isbn=9780190615093|location=|page=258|language=en}}
3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VncomfRVVhoC&pg=PA99&dq=Konar+kings&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim-8rjh5vhAhUHVd8KHe9KBz8Q6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=Konar%20kings&f=false|title=The cult of Draupadī: Mythologies : from Gingee to Kurukserta, Volume 1|last=Hiltebeitel |first=Alf|publisher=Motilal|year=1988|isbn=81-208-1000-7|location=|page=99|language=en}}
4. ^{{cite book|title=The cult of Draupadī: Mythologies : from Gingee to Kurukserta, Volume 1|author=Alf Hiltebeitel|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe, 1991 - 487 pages|page=91}}
5. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YSM9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA101|title=Neolithic Cattle-keepers of South India|last=Allchin|first=Frank Raymond|publisher=Cambridge University|year=1963|page=101}}
6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ui5gju8MwDUC&pg=PA35|title=The Cult of Draupadi|last=Hiltebeitel|first=Alf|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1988|isbn=9780226340463|page=35|authorlink=Alf Hiltebeitel}}
7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.no/books?id=ALUvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA153|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|last=Ramaswamy|first=Vijaya|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2017|isbn=9781538106860|location=|page=153|language=en}}
8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&pg=RA1-PA35|title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: history, art, and traditions in Tamilnāḍu|last=Padmaja|first=T.|publisher=Abhinav publications|year=2002|isbn=9788170173984|page=35}}
9. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=temples+of+k%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87a+in+south+india:+history,+art+and+traditions+in+tamilnadu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjcs_-WoafeAhXSOn0KHRkuDNEQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=temples%20of%20k%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87a%20in%20south%20india%3A%20history%2C%20art%20and%20traditions%20in%20tamilnadu&f=false|title= Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu|last=T |first=Padmaja|publisher= Abhinav Publications|year=2003|page=103}}
10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dXl8KbmMVtMC&q=nandaputras&dq=nandaputras&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiJtPHplaXUAhUQ12MKHctcCvgQ6AEINTAC|title=Archaeological Survey of India|last=Epigraphy|first=South Indian|publisher=ASI Government of India|page=251}}
11. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&pg=RA1-PA35#v=onepage&q&f=false|title= Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu|last=T |first=Padmaja|publisher= Abhinav Publications|year=2003|page=35}}

2 : Social groups of Tamil Nadu|Indian castes
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