“Kosmos 1686”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Kosmos 1686

释义

Notable features
References

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2013}}{{Infobox space station
| station = Kosmos 1686
| station_image = Salyut 7 & Cosmos 1686.gif
| station_image_size =
| station_image_caption = Kosmos 1686 (top) docked to Salyut 7, imaged by Range-Doppler radar.
| insignia = Salyut_program_insignia.svg
| insignia_caption = Salyut program insignia
| sign = Salyut 7
| launch = 1985-09-27
02:01:00 UTC
Docked to Salyut 7 on 1985-10-02.
| launch_pad = Baikonur Cosmodrome, USSR
| reentry = February 7, 1991
| mass = 20,000 kg
| perigee = 219 km (118.25 nmi)
| apogee = 278 km (150.1 nmi)
| inclination = 51.6 degrees
| period = 89.2 minutes
| length = 15 m
| width = 16 m
| diameter = 4.15 m
| orbits_day = 16.14
| in_orbit = 1959 days
| as_of = deorbit & reentry
| stats_ref =^[1]^[2]
| configuration_image = Salyut 7 and Cosmos 1686 drawing.png
| configuration_size =
| configuration_caption = Combined Kosmos 1686-Salyut 7 space station complex
}}

Kosmos 1686 ({{lang-ru|Космос 1686}} meaning Cosmos 1686), also known as TKS-4, was a heavily modified TKS spacecraft which docked unmanned to the Soviet space station Salyut 7 as part of tests to attach scientific expansion modules to stations in Earth orbit. The module which docked to the station was the FGB component of a TKS vehicle launched on September 27, 1985, and was designed to test systems planned for use on the Mir Core Module. The spacecraft docked with Salyut 7 on October 2, 1985, during the long-duration stay of the cosmonauts of its fifth principal expedition, which arrived on Soyuz T-14.^[2] It was the last flown TKS spacecraft.

Notable features

The spacecraft's VA capsule was greatly modified to carry instruments – the retrorocket and parachute packages were replaced by scientific equipment, including an infrared telescope and the Ozon spectrometer.^[2]
The combined Salyut 7-Kosmos 1686 complex massed 43 tons, with Kosmos 1686 delivering 4500 kg of cargo to Salyut 7 and nearly doubling the amount of habitable volume available to the station's crew.^[2]
On August 19–22, 1986, ground controllers boosted the vacant Salyut 7-Kosmos 1686 complex to a 474 km by 492 km orbit using engines on Kosmos 1686. This reduced the propellant supply of the complex to 70 kg (about 500 kg were required for controlled deorbit). In addition, Kosmos 1686 and Salyut 7 each suffered major systems breakdowns soon after they were abandoned, making the complex impossible to control.^[2]
All previous space stations over which the Soviets maintained control were intentionally deorbited after their last cosmonaut crew departed. The Soviets estimated that the reboost gave the complex an 8-yr lifetime in orbit. They considered recovering the station using the Buran shuttle. However, following delays to and the eventual cancellation of the Buran program, Kosmos 1686 underwent uncontrolled reentry with Salyut 7 on February 7, 1991, reentering over Argentina, scattering much of its debris over the town of Capitan Bermudez.^[3]^[4]^[5]

References

1. ^{{cite web | title = COSMOS 1686 DEB Satellite details 1985-086C NORAD 16128 | publisher = n2yo.com | date = June 29, 2007 | url = http://www.n2yo.com/satellite.php?s=16128 | accessdate = 2007-06-29}}
2. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book | last = Portree | first = David | authorlink = David S. F. Portree | title = Mir Hardware Heritage | publisher = NASA | date = March 1995 | location = Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, United States of America | url =http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mir_Hardware_Heritage}}
3. ^aero.org, Spacecraft Reentry FAQ:
4. ^Astronautix, Salyut 7.
5. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/07/world/salyut-7-soviet-station-in-space-falls-to-earth-after-9-year-orbit.html NYT, Salyut 7, Soviet Station in Space, Falls to Earth After 9-Year Orbit]

4 : Salyut program|Kosmos satellites|1985 in the Soviet Union|Spacecraft launched in 1985

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