| 词条 | Krasnoyarsk Dam |
| 释义 |
| name = Krasnoyarsk Dam | image = KrasnoyarskDam.jpg | image_caption = The dam with one of the spillways open. | name_official = | dam_crosses = Yenisey River | location = Divnogorsk, Russia | dam_type = Gravity dam | dam_length = {{Convert|1065|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_height = {{Convert|124|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | dam_width_base = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | construction_began = 1956 | opening = 1972 | cost = | owner = | res_name = Krasnoyarsk Reservoir | res_capacity_total = {{Convert|73.3|km3|mi3|1|abbr=on}} | res_catchment = | res_surface = {{Convert|2000|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} | res_max_depth = | plant_operator = | plant_turbines = | plant_capacity = 6,000 MW | plant_annual_gen = | plant_commission = | plant_decommission = | location_map = Russia Krasnoyarsk Krai#Russia | location_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|55|56|05|N|92|17|37|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | website = | extra = }} The Krasnoyarsk Dam is a {{convert|124|m|ft|0|adj=on}} high concrete gravity dam located on the Yenisey River about {{convert|30|km|mi|0}} upstream from Krasnoyarsk in Divnogorsk, Russia. It was constructed from 1956 to 1972, and it supplies about 6,000 MW (six GW) of power, mostly used to supply the KrAZ (Krasnoyarsky Aluminievyy Zavod, the Krasnoyarsk Aluminum Plant). Both power and aluminum plants are controlled by the RUSAL company. Beginning with the opening of the 10th turbine in April 1971, the powerhouse was the world’s single largest power plant until the Grand Coulee Dam in Washington State reached 6,181 MW in 1983. The Krasnoyarsk Dam is held to be a landmark symbol of Krasnoyarsk, and it is depicted on the 10-ruble banknote. As a result of the damming, the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir was created. This reservoir, informally known as the Krasnoyarsk Sea, has an area of {{convert|2000|km2|sqmi|-1}} and a volume of {{convert|73.3|km3|cumi|0}}. It is {{convert|388|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} in length and {{convert|15|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} in width at its widest, has an average depth of {{convert|36.6|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}, and a depth of {{convert|105|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} near the dam.[1] The Krasnoyarsk Dam significantly influences the local climate; normally the river would freeze over in the bitterly-cold Siberian winter, but because the dam releases unfrozen water year-round, the river never freezes in the {{convert|200|km|mi}} to {{convert|300|km|mi}} stretch of river immediately downstream from the dam.[2][3] In winter, the frigid air interacts with the warm river water to produce fog, which shrouds Krasnoyarsk and other downstream areas.[3][4] The dam is equipped with a canal inclined plane to allow passage of ships. It is in fact an electric rack railway. The track gauge is {{RailGauge|9000 mm}}, making it the widest-gauge railway of any type in the world.[5] At the time of its construction, this feat of modern engineering allowed for ships to be physically moved in only 90 minutes. {{clear left}}See also{{stack|{{Portal|Russia|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Krasnoyarkkoye Reservoir |url=http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/asi/asi-56.html |publisher=International Lake Environment Committee |accessdate=24 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723191324/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/asi/asi-56.html |archivedate=July 23, 2011 }} 2. ^{{cite journal |last1= Grigor'ev|first1= Yu. A.|last2= Sokol'nikov|first2= N. M.|year= October 1973|title= Ice-thermal reservoir regimen during first years of operation of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric plant|journal= Hydrotechnical Construction|volume= 7|issue= 10|pages= 30–32|doi= 10.1007/BF02377727}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://pacificenvironment.org/article.php?id=3009|title= Hydroelectric Dams: A Looming Threat to Russia's Mighty Rivers|last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= Pacific Environment|publisher= |accessdate=21 September 2013}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last1= Gotlib|first1= Ya. L.|year= December 1996|journal= Hydrotechnical Construction|title= Possible improvement of the ice and thermal conditions in the lower pool of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station|volume= 30|issue= 12|pages= 26–28|doi= 10.1007/BF02447466}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.socialphy.com/posts/computers-technology/8637/Boat-lift-Krasnoyarsk-hydroelectric-power-station-on-the-Yen.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-06-29 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073134/http://www.socialphy.com/posts/computers-technology/8637/Boat-lift-Krasnoyarsk-hydroelectric-power-station-on-the-Yen.html |archivedate=2014-04-07 |df= }} External links{{Commons category|Krasnoyarsk Dam}}
6 : Hydroelectric power stations built in the Soviet Union|Hydroelectric power stations in Russia|Buildings and structures in Krasnoyarsk Krai|Dams completed in 1972|Dams on the Yenisei River|Broad gauge railways by size |
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