| 词条 | Krokodil | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| title = Крокодил | image_file = Cover of Krokodil magazine No 1 by I Malyutin.jpg | image_caption = The Unexpected Appendix. The cover of the first issue of Krokodil by Ivan Malyutin. | publisher = Rabochaya Gazeta, Pravda | category = Satire and humor | total_circulation = | frequency = 3 issues per month | language = Russian | editor = | editor_title = | headquarters = Moscow | founded = 1922 | firstdate = 27 August 1922 | finaldate = 2008 | country = Soviet Union | website = | issn = }} Krokodil ({{lang-rus|Крокодил|p=krəkɐˈdʲil|a=Ru-крокодил.ogg}}, {{literally}} crocodile) was a satirical magazine published in the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1922,[1][2] at first as the satirical supplement to the Workers' Gazette (called simply «Приложения» [Supplement]); when it became a separate publication, the name 'Crocodile' was chosen at an editorial meeting from among a list of suggested animal names.[3] At that time, a large number of satirical magazines existed, such as Zanoza and Prozhektor. Nearly all of them eventually disappeared. HistoryAlthough political satire was dangerous during much of the Soviet period, Krokodil was given considerable license to lampoon political figures and events. Typical and safe topics for lampooning in the Soviet era were the lack of initiative and imagination promoted by the style of an average Soviet middle-bureaucrat, and the problems produced by drinking on the job by Soviet workers. Krokodil also ridiculed capitalist countries and attacked various political, ethnic and religious groups that allegedly opposed the Soviet system. For example, at the time of the Doctors' plot it published a number of anti-semitic articles and cartoons.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} Many notable persons contributed to the magazine, including Vladimir Mayakovsky, Kukriniksy, and Yuliy Ganf. Similar magazines existed in all the Union republics, and in several ASSRs and in other states of the Soviet bloc, e.g. Starshel ("Wasp") in Bulgaria, Eulenspiegel in East Germany, Urzică ("The Nettle") in Romania, and Dikobraz ("Porcupine") in Czechoslovakia. Among the vocal compositions of Dmitri Shostakovich, who is known for his satirical character, there are 5 Romances on texts from Krokodil Magazine (1965), taken from the section of the magazine where were published real-life nonsense texts.
ReinstatementAfter the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union the magazine was discontinued (2000). It was reinstated in 2005 in Russia, issued monthly, headquartered in Moscow, and with editor-in-chief Sergei Mostovshchikov. The reinstated version, deliberately printed on old Soviet-style paper, ceased publication in 2008. See also
References1. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/06/07/archives/behind-the-smile-on-krokodil.html Behind The Smile On Krokodil, JUNE 7, 1964] The New York Times 2. ^{{cite web|author1=James Adams|title=15 Incredible Soviet Era Magazine Covers|url=http://www.cartridgesave.co.uk/news/15-incredible-soviet-era-magazine-covers/|publisher=Cartridge Save|accessdate=27 July 2015}} 3. ^Boris Efimov, [https://www.e-reading.club/bookreader.php/1031487/Efimov_-_Desyat_desyatiletiy.html Десять десятилетий], ch. 6: "Тогда пошли в ход всевозможные жалящие и кусающие представители животного мира: оса, еж, шмель, ерш, ястреб, волкодав, скорпион и даже… крокодил." External links{{Commonscat|Krokodil}}
10 : 1922 establishments in the Soviet Union|2006 disestablishments in Russia|Defunct magazines of the Soviet Union|Magazines established in 1922|Magazines disestablished in 2006|Magazines published in Moscow|Russian satirical magazines|Russian humour|Soviet magazines|Russian-language magazines |
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