| 词条 | Croker Island |
| 释义 |
| name = Croker Island | image_name = Coburg_l5_2006211.jpg | image_caption = Image of Croker Island with Cobourg Peninsula | image_size = | map = Australia | map_caption = Croker Island (Northern Territory, Australia) | native_name = Margo | native_name_link = | nickname = | location = Arafura Sea | coordinates={{coord|11|08|S|132|33|E|region:AU-NT_type:isle}} | archipelago = | total_islands = | major_islands = Croker, Darch, Templer | area_km2 = 331.5 | length_km = 43 | width_km = 15 | highest_mount = | elevation_m = 15 | country = Australia | country_admin_divisions_title = Territory | country_admin_divisions = Northern Territory | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Shire | country_admin_divisions_1 = West Arnhem Region | country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Ward | country_admin_divisions_2 = Barrah Ward | country_largest_city = Minjilang | country_largest_city_population = 271 | population = 300 | population_as_of = | density_km2 = 0.9 | ethnic_groups = Yarmirr | additional_info = }} Croker Island is an island in the Arafura Sea off the coast of the Northern Territory, Australia, 200 km northeast of Darwin. It is separated from Cobourg Peninsula in the west by Bowen Strait, which is 2.5 km wide in the south and up to 7 km in the north, and 8.5 km long. In the north and east is the Arafura Sea, and in the south and southeast Mountnorris Bay. Croker Island measures 43 km from Point David (south, local name Inngirnatj) to Cape Croker (north), up to 15 km wide, and has an area of 331.5 km² (128.0 sq. miles). At its highest point it is only 15 m (50 feet) above sea level. Croker Island is the largest island, and the only permanently inhabited island, in the Croker Group. SettlementAt the earliest time of European contact, the indigenous people of Croker Island were the Jaako. The only notable settlement on Croker Island is the Aboriginal community of Minjilang, located on Mission Bay on the east coast. Apart from that, there are nine small family outstations, the largest ones of which is Inngirnatj (Point David) at the southern end of the island. The settlements from north to south:
Between 1940 and 1968, the Methodist Overseas Mission operated the Crocker Island Mission at Minjilang.[1][2] 1942 exodusThe Pacific theatre of World War II saw the Japanese military aerial bombing Darwin in February 1942. Non-indigenous children from the island were evacuated. To avoid the bombing, missionary Margaret Somerville led 95 indigenous children from the island's orphanage, part of the Croker Island Mission, on a journey that saw the party arrive on the Australian mainland. Travelling a distance overland, they boarding a train through central Australia, arriving in Sydney, New South Wales.[3] Over forty-four days, the group covered {{convert|5000|mi|km}}.[4] The children returned to Croker Island in 1946.[1] This expedition was described by Somerville in her book They crossed a continent, and later explored in the ABC documentary Croker Island Exodus.[4] The period is considered part of the Stolen Generations events. Croker Island native title claimThe traditional custodians of Croker Island, the Yarmirr people, filed a claim over the sea surrounding Croker Island. The case, Yarmirr v Northern Territory, was settled in the High Court of Australia on 11 October 2001. The case established that the Yarmirr people do have native title of the sea and sea-bed, however common law rights of fishing and navigation mean that only non-exclusive native title can exist over the sea.[5] EnvironmentCroker Island was severely damaged by Cyclone Ingrid in March 2005.[6] A cull of feral horses was undertaken in 2015.[7] References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Croker Island Mission (1940 - 1968) |url=https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/guide/nt/YE00021 |website=Australian Government (Find and Connect Services) |accessdate=30 October 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web |title=Methodist Overseas Mission Croker Island Part-Aboriginal |url=http://www.cifhs.com/ntrecords/nthcc/F1_1952-559_Croker_Island.html |website=Centre for Indigenous Family History Studies |accessdate=30 October 2018 |quote=National Archives of Australia Series F1 Item 1952/559}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Margaret Somerville, leader of World War II child exodus from Croker Island, dies aged 101 |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-08-01/margaret-somerville-croker-island-exodus-leader-dies-aged-101/5639626 |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=30 October 2018 |date=1 August 2014}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |last1=NICOL |first1=Emily |title=Croker Island Exodus: A documentary telling the remarkable adventure story |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2018/03/16/croker-island-exodus-documentary-telling-remarkable-adventure-story-1 |website=National Indigenous Television |accessdate=30 October 2018 |date=16 March 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=The Commonwealth v Yarmirr [2001] HCA 56|url=http://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/downloadPdf/2001/HCA/56|website=High Court of Australia|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=11 September 2016}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Cyclone batters NT's Croker Island|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200503/s1322293.htm|accessdate=11 September 2016|agency=ABC News|date=13 March 2005}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=McCue|first1=Fred|title=Mission to cull the wild horses of Croker Island|url=http://www.ntnews.com.au/news/northern-territory/mission-to-cull-the-wild-horses-of-croker-island/news-story/8bef1a414e51567a46b6ddcc418e62e9|accessdate=11 September 2016|agency=NT News|date=4 February 2015}} 2 : Arafura Sea|Islands of the Northern Territory |
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