| 词条 | Kuznetsky Most | |||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Kuznetsky Most | native_name = {{lang|ru|Кузнецкий Мост}} | image = Kuznetsky Most viev.jpg | caption = Kuznetsky Most from Petrovka Street |image_size = 250 px | postal_code = 125009, 107031 | length_km = | length_ref = | location = Moscow {{nowrap|Central Administrative Okrug}} Meshchansky District Tverskoy District | metro = {{MOSMETRO-bull|1}} Okhotny Ryad {{MOSMETRO-bull|2}} Teatralnaya {{MOSMETRO-bull|7}} Kuznetsky Most {{MOSMETRO-bull|1}} Lubyanka | coordinates = }} Kuznetsky Most ({{lang-rus|Кузне́цкий Мост|p=kʊˈzʲnʲet͡skʲɪj ˈmost}}) is a street in central Moscow, that runs from Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street to Lubyanka Street. The name, literally Blacksmith's Bridge, refers to the 18th-century bridge over Neglinnaya River, now running in an underground tunnel, and a nearby foundry and the settlement of its workers. Since the middle of the 18th century, Kuznetsky Most was the street of fashion and expensive shopping. The street is administered by Tverskoy District (west) and Meshchansky District (east). HistoryEarly historyUntil the end of 15th century, Moscow was growing eastward, into Kitai-gorod. Prince Ivan III of Russia established his arsenal (Пушечный двор, Cannon Court) in the west, beyond Neglinnaya river. Later, he also set up a settlement of former Pskov residents, abducted from their hometown after the wars of the 1480s. Population grew slowly until the 1737 fire which razed the area. The BridgeSoon after the fire, the territory was built out with upper-class buildings and shops. Large territories north from the street were consolidated by the Vorontsov family estate. In 1754-57, architect Semyon Yakovlev built a stone bridge over Neglinnaya River to a design by Dmitry Ukhtomsky. The bridge over Neglinnaya lowlands extended 120 meters long and 12 meters wide; the shops between Kuznetsky Bridge and Vorontsov lands were literally standing on the edge of this bridge. The street was known as the home of notorious Darya Saltykova (1730-1801), condemned to life in prison for torturing her slaves. 19th centuryThe Fire of Moscow (1812) spared Kuznetsky Most, where Napoleon's Guards were stationed in defense of French colony in Moscow. In 1817-1819, the city locked Neglinnaya River in an underground tunnel and demolished the redundant bridge - excluding its norther wall that supported surviving buildings. Soon, the French colony returned and Kuznetsky Bridge became the street of bookstores, fashion and upper-class shopping, mostly managed by the French. Kuznetsky Most became the symbol of French influence on Russians, immortalized in Woe from Wit by Alexandr Griboyedov. After Emancipation reform of 1861, Kuznetsky Most became the financial center of Moscow, with historical Juncker Bank Building and Dzhamgarov Bank built in the 1890s. Art Nouveau landmark by Ivan Mashkov, the Sokol building (3, Kuznetsky Most) was built in 1903-1904. However, at that time its address was Kuznetsky Lane: the part of Kuznetsky Most west of Petrovka Street was then known as Kuznetsky Lane; two streets were merged only in 1922. Modern historyIn the 1920s the Bolshevik administration demolished the church on the corner of Kuznetsky Most and Lubyanka Street, creating Vorovsky Square. Nearby blocks were gradually converted to KGB offices after World War II; the blocks facing Lubyanka Square were torn down to make way for the Ministry of Merchant Fleet and Alexey Dushkin's Detsky Mir department store restored in 2014 and now hosting the world's largest mechanical clock[1]"Raketa Monumental". Both these buildings were recently rebuilt. Since the 1980s, the street reacquired its status as an upper-class shopping lane, notably with rebuilding of Roman Klein's historical TsUM store. Among cultural institutions located on the street are the Moscow Operetta Theater, Kuznetsky Most Exhibition Hall, as well as two major state libraries. Rapid transitKuznetsky Most, Lubyanka and Okhotny Ryad stations of the Moscow Metro are located nearby. GalleryReferences1. ^http://www.njt.ru/en/news/19129/
3 : Streets in Moscow|Tourist attractions in Moscow|Shopping districts and streets in Russia |
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