“Labour of Love”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Labour of Love is the fourth studio album by British reggae band UB40, and their first album of cover versions. Released in the UK on 12 September 1983,^[1] the album is best known for containing the song "Red Red Wine", a worldwide number-one single, but it also includes three further UK top 20 hits, "Please Don't Make Me Cry", "Many Rivers to Cross" and "Cherry Oh Baby". The album reached number one in the UK, New Zealand and the Netherlands and the top five in Canada, but only reached number 39 in the US on its original release,^[2] before re-entering the Billboard 200 in 1988 and peaking at number 14 as a result of "Red Red Wine"'s delayed success in the US.

Following the record's success, UB40 have since released three further albums of cover versions under the Labour of Love title.

Background and recording

The album consists of cover versions of ten of the group's favourite songs by reggae artists from the period 1969 to 1972. Guitarist Robin Campbell drew up a list of possible tracks which were then whittled down to a final choice of ten following discussion among the band members.^[3] Campbell told UK music magazine NME, "It's a collection of songs we knew as reggae songs. We'd wanted to do it for years, we wanted it to be our first album... Why we recorded them was because they were part of an era for us, what we were into."^[4] In another interview with Melody Maker, drummer Jim Brown explained that the band were being pressured to deliver a new album, but didn't have enough original material completed, so it seemed an ideal time to revisit the idea of making an album of cover versions.^[5] UB40 had recently opened their own studio, the Abattoir, and Campbell spoke about how the combination of not having to write songs and having their own studio in which to produce them had resulted in a happy environment during the album's recording: "We could relax with this; there wasn't the pressure of it being our own material. We experimented with several things like LinnDrums and synthesised basslines. It was a lot more fun."^[4]

The group were apparently unaware during recording that the most famous track on the record had not originally been a reggae song. Ali Campbell told Billboard, "Nobody was as shocked as we were to find out that Neil Diamond wrote 'Red Red Wine'... To me, it was always a Tony Tribe song. He sang it."^[6] The album and 12" version of "Red Red Wine" included a toasted verse by Astro, later copied and included by Diamond in his live performances of the song.

The band defended their decision to make an album of cover versions, stating that they had always wanted to make reggae for a wide audience. Robin Campbell said, "We actually set out in the first place to popularise reggae. That was our intention."^[4] His brother Ali added, "What we want to do is play heavy dub reggae. But if we came straight out doing that, it would never have gotten on the radio. We commercialize our music all the time; it's been a series of compromises."^[6]

Labour of Love film

The album was accompanied by a 30-minute film shot in black and white, also entitled Labour of Love and released on VHS video.^[6] It was directed by Bernard Rose and written by Rose and the group's saxophone player Brian Travers. The story followed a fictional version of the lives of the band members, their relationships with family and girlfriends, and their jobs in a junkyard, with all roles in the film played by the band and their friends.^[7] The plot focused on the rivalry between two brothers (played by the band's Ali and Robin Campbell) trying to win the affections of the same girl (played by keyboard player Mickey Virtue's real-life girlfriend at the time, Bernadette McNamara).^[8] The film featured songs from the album as its soundtrack, and the music videos for the singles "Red Red Wine", "Please Don't Make Me Cry" and "Cherry Oh Baby" were lifted directly from the film. Rose would go on to direct music videos for Frankie Goes to Hollywood and Bronski Beat before becoming a Hollywood movie director.

Artwork

The album's cover art was created by Ken Ansell of the Design Clinic and featured two collages of images that illustrated each of the songs on the album (the five songs on side one were illustrated on the front cover, and the five songs on side two on the back cover). It was the first time that UB40 had not had any input on the artwork on one of their albums, but they were on tour in the US at the time and Virgin Records, the parent company of UB40's DEP International label, could not afford to wait until they returned for the sleeve to be designed. As Ansell recounted to Classic Pop magazine in 2017, "We pitched the idea to Virgin of creating an illustration for each song so that as and when they were released as singles we would have ready-made images. Fortunately, on their return the band liked the concept and we went ahead."^[9]

Critical reception

Reviews of the album in the UK were generally positive. In Melody Maker Colin Irwin expressed his irritation at his fellow journalists' insistence on bringing up the band's left-wing political views in articles about them, saying, "UB40's mode of escape from these glib cliches is to make their own highly specialised version of Bowie's Pin-Ups or Ferry's These Foolish Things. Labour of Love is an album of songs that touched and inspired UB40 in their formative years and you know something? It's beautiful. What may appear to be a simple form of escapism has in fact galvanised this band, snatching them out of their increasingly confined introversion and seemingly opened their eyes to bold new horizons... To make comparisons with the originals is to miss the point. Sometimes you just have to step back to leap forward."^[10] Richard Cook of NME was more reserved, feeling that UB40's versions didn't always have the impact of the originals: "I think the Campbells' memories might be deceiving them. The music of the era they recall was always far ruder and tougher and far more percussive than their honey-smooth treatments imply." However, he welcomed the change from the political stance of the group's own songs, calling the cover versions "gentle, sometimes caressing, a shallow groove far preferable to the morose intensity of the group's usual tug at the lapels... Everything blurs perfectly there, the rippling draft of the rhythm, the stewed warmth of the saxophone, all melting around the dry edge of the vocal. Sometimes UB hit the spot of rock-reggae with absolute accuracy, and its power to turn ears is far superior to the weight of their customary glam pamphleteering."^[11]

In the US, J.D. Considine of Rolling Stone also gave the album a positive review: while criticising the vocals, he also noted that "UB40's ingenuity and unmistakable affection for the material keeps the comparisons from being too lopsided" and felt that each song "retains the spirit of the original while also capturing a modern feel".^[12] In Rolling Stone{{'}}s end-of-year round-up of 1984's key albums, Kurt Loder stated that "UB40 ... not only makes these songs their own but brings them into the Eighties without betraying their buoyant period spirit... This album's title is an accurate assessment of its approach. A thoroughly enjoyable record."^[13] Robert Christgau professed his initial dislike of an album of cover versions, before revising his opinion after repeated listens, admitting that "it hit me once again that reggae tunes can take a long, long time to hook in".^[14] In his retrospective review for AllMusic, David Jeffries called Labour of Love "a near perfect album, one filled with warmth and an infectious love of the music it's covering", and that even if its most famous track had been overplayed on the radio, "the end-to-end LP flow is classic while recontextualizing 'Red Red Wine' for the better".^[15]

Reviews of the 2015 deluxe edition remained positive, but lamented that Labour of Love didn't have the intensity of the band's earlier, more political, records. Ian Harrison of Q said of the album, "It's still quality, but it's hard not to mourn the earlier militancy".^[16] Lois Wilson of Mojo agreed, observing that "Revisited now, it seems caught up with nostalgia... On the back of Labour of Love{{'}}s huge international success, UB40 became reggae's world ambassadors and their focus shifted; they'd make political records again but never anything as potent as Signing Off or Present Arms, instead relying on the surefire hit potential of further cover albums".^[17]

Accolades

In 1989, it was ranked number 98 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Albums of the Eighties".^[18]

Track listing

2015 deluxe edition

Personnel

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

1. ^{{cite magazine |title=Record News |magazine=Melody Maker |page=4 |date=3 September 1983}}
2. ^{{cite web |title=Top 200 Albums – 14 April 1984 |url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-200/1984-04-14 |work=Billboard |date=14 April 1984 |accessdate=12 September 2017}}
3. ^{{cite book |first1=Ali |last1=Campbell |authorlink1=Ali Campbell |first2=Robin |last2=Campbell |title=Blood & Fire: The Autobiography of the UB40 Brothers |publisher=Random House |page=102 |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-09947-654-2}}
4. ^¹²{{cite magazine |first=Mat |last=Snow |title=The Stance Is Dance |magazine=NME |pages=6–7 |date=3 September 1983}}
5. ^{{cite magazine |first=Simon |last=Scott |title=Labour parties |magazine=Melody Maker |pages=8–9 |date=10 September 1983}}
6. ^¹²{{cite magazine |first=Ethlie Ann |last=Vare|title=UB40's 'Labour' Paying Off |magazine=Billboard |page=53 |date=10 March 1984}}
7. ^{{cite news |first=Graham |last=Young |title=See UB40 stars return to the Red Red Wine Eagle & Tun pub |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife-news/see-ub40-stars-return-red-10830729 |newspaper=Birmingham Mail |date=3 February 2016 |accessdate=12 October 2017}}
8. ^Campbell; Campbell (2006). p. 103.
9. ^{{cite magazine |first=Andrew |last=Dineley |title=Pop Art: Ken Ansell |magazine=Classic Pop |pages=62–66 |date=July 2017}}
10. ^{{cite magazine |first=Colin |last=Irwin |authorlink=Colin Irwin (journalist) |title=Fruits of Love |magazine=Melody Maker |page=23 |date=17 September 1983}}
11. ^{{cite magazine |first=Richard |last=Cook |title=Dread Dread Whine... |magazine=NME |page=27 |date=17 September 1983}}
12. ^¹{{cite magazine |first=J.D. |last=Considine |authorlink=J.D. Considine |title=UB40 – Labour of Love |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/ub40/albums/album/166556/review/5945243/labour_of_love |magazine=Rolling Stone |issue=413 |page=61 |date=19 January 1984 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227102643/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/ub40/albums/album/166556/review/5945243/labour_of_love |archivedate=27 December 2007}}
13. ^{{cite magazine |first=Kurt |last=Loder |authorlink=Kurt Loder |title=1984 Record Guide |magazine=Rolling Stone |issue=437–38 |pages=114–15 |date=20 December 1984}}
14. ^¹Robert Christgau Consumer Guide
15. ^¹{{Allmusic |first=David |last=Jeffries |class=album |id=r20775 |label=UB40 – Labour of Love > Review}}
16. ^¹{{cite magazine |first=Ian |last=Harrison |title=UB40 – Labour of Love |magazine=Q |issue=345 |pages=116–17 |date=April 2015}}
17. ^¹{{cite magazine |first=Lois |last=Wilson |title=UB40 – Labour of Love |magazine=Mojo |issue=257 |page=102 |date=April 2015}}
18. ^{{cite magazine |title=100 Best Albums of the Eighties |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-best-albums-of-the-eighties-20110418/ub40-labour-of-love-20110330|magazine=Rolling Stone |issue=565 |pages=53–149 |date=16 November 1989}}
19. ^{{cite web |title=Jaaroverzichtung – Album 1983 |url=http://www.dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=1983&cat=a |publisher=Hung Medien}}
20. ^{{cite web |title=Top Selling Albums of 1983 |url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=3872 |publisher=Recorded Music NZ}}
21. ^{{cite book |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Scaping |chapter=Top 100 albums: 1983 |title=BPI Year Book 1984 |publisher=British Phonographic Industry |pages=44–45 |date=1984 |isbn=0-906154-04-9}}
22. ^{{cite web |title=Jaaroverzichtung – Album 1984 |url=http://www.dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=1984&cat=a |publisher=Hung Medien}}
23. ^{{cite magazine |title=Top 100 Albums |magazine=Music Week |page=42 |date=26 January 1985}}
24. ^{{cite book |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Scaping |chapter=Top 100 albums: 1984 |title=BPI Year Book 1985 |publisher=British Phonographic Industry |edition=7th |pages=48–49 |date=1985 |isbn=0-906154-06-5}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=NZ Top 40 Albums – 20 November 1983|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=3072|publisher=Recorded Music NZ}}