“La Caixa”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Today's La Caixa is the result of the July 27, 1990 merger between the Caja de Pensiones para la Vejez y de Ahorros de Cataluña y Baleares, founded in 1904, and the Caja de Ahorros y Monte de Piedad de Barcelona, founded in 1844. From the beginning, La Caixa focused on savings for families and offering its customers security in their old age, when this type of social provision did not yet exist in Spain. Owing to its origins, it is a financial institution, albeit not for profit and charitable and social in nature, with a private board of trustees, independent of any other company or institution.^[1]

Similarly, the Group has a portfolio of industrial interests in companies mainly in the infrastructure, energy and communications sectors.^[1] In November 2006, the La Caixa Board of Directors approved the company portfolio of holdings' listing on the stock market, through the Criteria CaixaCorp company, which came into effect on October 10, 2007.^[2]

In January 29, 2008, Criteria CaixaCorp was added to the IBEX 35 stock market index.^[3]

On October 6, 2017, the bank announced its decision to move its legal headquarters to Valencia as a response to political uncertainty in Catalonia.^[4]

Reorganisation

On January 27, 2011, the Board of Directors of La Caixa announced the reorganisation of the Group, by virtue of which La Caixa transfers its banking business to Criteria CaixaCorp, which becomes a banking group called CaixaBank, and Criteria CaixaCorp transfers part of its industrial participations to a new unquoted entity that depends on La Caixa.

On June 30, 2011, all the banking business of La Caixa, including consumer banking, private banking and asset management, was transferred to CaixaBank. All the branch offices now use CaixaBank name while keeping the logo of La Caixa.

CaixaBank brings together the banking business of La Caixa, the insurance business and the participations in international banks and in Telefónica and Repsol. The bank is founded with a leadership position in the Spanish financial and insurance sector, and additionally diversified in with other complementary activities. It also has some 5,200 branches, the lowest ratio of arrears among the large Spanish financial groups{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}}, the best coverage and the best position of capital{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}}.

Logo

In the late 1970s, La Caixa asked Landor & Associates to create a corporate identity that would be easily identifiable and that customers could make their own. From the proposals submitted, it was decided to commission the Catalan artist Joan Miró to create a tapestry, from which an emblematic element could be isolated. In 1980, a logo was chosen: a blue star and two coloured circles (a child depositing a coin in a piggy-bank), which has become the renowned symbol of the institution.^[5] The original tapestry is on display in the foyer of the La Caixa headquarters in Barcelona.

Corporate social responsibility

Due to its nonprofit status, the bank controls the largest charitable foundation in Spain, and one of the largest in the world. As of 2015, Obra Social La Caixa is the world’s third largest charity, disbursing around €500 million a year, of which a fifth goes to culture and science.^[6] It makes major{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}} investments in such public welfare causes as care of the aged and infants, curing Alzheimer's, technologically advanced classrooms, old-age centers and the like.

Through its Social Programme, La Caixa funds social, environmental and scientific, cultural and research programmes{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}}. La Caixa Foundation is Spain’s leading private foundation, the second in Europe and the fifth in the world in terms of budgetary volume (550 million Euro for 2008), according to data from the European Foundation.^[7]

In 2007, the La Caixa Social Programme undertook specific programmes to combat poverty and social exclusion (the CaixaProinfancia programme and the Incorpora employment integration programme) ^[8] and the creation of MicroBank, a social bank whose primary activity is to award social and financial micro-credits to people who are at risk from social or financial exclusion and to groups with limited resources.^[9] It also promotes access to rental apartments to sectors of the population who have difficulty in accessing the property market and care programmes focused on dependency, for individuals in advanced stages of illness, child vaccination and international cooperation.

The La Caixa Social Programme also provides resources for education and research programmes, environmental protection and the dissemination of culture through its centres, such as the recently opened CaixaForum Madrid.

In 2005, the bank received the Gold Medal of the Generalitat de Catalunya for these efforts.

Branch network and remote banking

At the end of 2007, La Caixa had 5,480 branches, of which 5,468 are located throughout Spain and two operating abroad (Warsaw, Poland and Bucharest, Romania), and 10 representative offices in Germany, Belgium, China, France, Italy, Morocco, Portugal and the United Kingdom. La Caixa also has over 8,011 ATMs, through which more than 500 million transactions were made in 2007. All ATMs are fitted with keyboards adapted to the Braille system and allow the letter size used on the screens to be increased. Of these, 2,491 include a voice system for people with visual impairment.^[10]

La Caixa also has an online banking service (Línea Abierta) which offers more than 700 consultations and transactions (including account management, transfers, direct debits, arranging deposits, loans and mortgages, pension plans, investment funds) and now has over 2.5 million operating customers a month (September 2008), both private individuals and companies. La Caixa's online bank is the leading one of its kind in Europe according to the AQMetrix (Private Banking Division – autumn 2008){{Citation needed|date=September 2012}}. The Línea Abierta Móvil service allows customers to consult statements and account and credit card movements, make transfers, consult listings, buy and sell securities and receive notifications via SMS.^[11]

In addition, ServiCaixa leads the Spanish market in sales of cinema, theatre, music and sports events tickets via e-channels (7.7 million advance sales in 2007).^[12]

Latest developments

On 17 December 2013, La Caixa announced the launch of an NFC-based mobile payments system through a partnership with Visa Europe, and the largest mobile network operators in the country – Vodafone, Telefónica and Orange. Eighty per cent of the Spanish market is held by these three giants. Isidre Fainé Casas is in venta minorista of the Bankia of Madrid.

See also

References

1. ^¹²{{Cite web|url=http://portal.lacaixa.es/infocorporativa/bienvenido_en.html|title=Welcome to "la Caixa"|accessdate=January 14, 2009|author=Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona, “la Caixa”|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|date=|year=2007|month=|work=|publisher=|location=|pages=|doi=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129151457/http://portal.lacaixa.es/infocorporativa/bienvenido_en.html|archivedate=January 29, 2009|quote=|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.criteria.com/infocorporativa/principaleshitos_es.html |title=Significant Milestones |accessdate=January 14, 2009 |author=Criteria CaixaCorp |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=2007 |month= |work= |publisher= |location= |pages= |doi= |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206170712/http://criteria.com/infocorporativa/principaleshitos_es.html |archivedate=February 6, 2009 }}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.criteria.com/general/noticiai_en.html |title=Criteria CaixaCorp joins the IBEX-35 index |accessdate=January 14, 2009 |author=Criteria CaixaCorp |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=29 January 2008 |work= |publisher= |location= |pages= |doi= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310031843/http://www.criteria.com/general/noticiai_en.html |archivedate=March 10, 2008 |quote= |deadurl=yes }}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/06/catalonia-business-independence-spanish-government|title=CaixaBank: Spain's third largest bank joins exodus from Catalonia|last=Burgen|first=Stephen|date=2017-10-06|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-10-06|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://press.lacaixa.es/view_manager.html?root=660,663 |title= Press Room, History of "la Caixa" |accessdate=January 14, 2009 |author= Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona, “la Caixa” |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=2007|month= |format= |work= |publisher= |location= |pages= |doi= |quote=}}
6. ^Martin Bailey (September 1, 2015), British Museum signs deal to send touring shows to Spain {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905072434/http://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/museums/158825/ |date=September 5, 2015 }} The Art Newspaper.
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://obrasocial.lacaixa.es/balancesocial/identidadycompromiso_es.html |title=Identidad y compromiso |accessdate=January 14, 2009 |author=Obra Social Fundación “la Caixa” |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=2005 |month= |work= |publisher= |location= |pages= |language=Spanish |doi= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117154442/http://obrasocial.lacaixa.es/balancesocial/identidadycompromiso_es.html |archivedate=January 17, 2009 |quote= |deadurl=yes }}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://obrasocial.lacaixa.es/balancesocial/informeanual07_es.html |title=Informe Anual 2007 |accessdate=January 14, 2009 |author=Obra Social Fundación “la Caixa” |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=2005 |month= |work= |publisher= |location= |pages=15 |language=Spanish |doi= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203091921/http://obrasocial.lacaixa.es/balancesocial/informeanual07_es.html |archivedate=December 3, 2008 |quote= |deadurl=yes }}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.microbanklacaixa.es/general/informacioncorporativa_es.html |title=Información corporativa |accessdate=January 14, 2009 |author=MicroBank, Banco Social de “la Caixa” (2007) |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=2007 |month= |work= |publisher= |location= |pages=15 |language=Spanish |doi= |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090323080835/http://www.microbanklacaixa.es/general/informacioncorporativa_es.html |archivedate=March 23, 2009 }}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://portal.lacaixa.es/bancadistancia/lineaabiertaV2_es.html |title=Descubre Linea Abierta |accessdate=January 14, 2009 |author=Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona, “la Caixa” |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=2007 |month= |work= |publisher= |location= |pages= |language=Spanish |doi= |quote= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225043135/http://portal.lacaixa.es/bancadistancia/lineaabiertaV2_es.html |archivedate=December 25, 2008 }}
11. ^{{Cite web|url= http://press.lacaixa.es/view_manager.html?root=669,670|title= "la Caixa" Group Annual Report 2007 |accessdate=January 14, 2009 |author= Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona, “la Caixa” |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year=2007|month= |format= |work= |publisher= |location= |pages= |language=Spanish |doi= |quote=}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://portal.lacaixa.es/infocorporativa/datosbasicos_en.html|title=Most relevant Data|accessdate=January 14, 2009|author=Caja de Ahorros y Pensiones de Barcelona, “la Caixa”|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|date=|year=2007|month=|work=|publisher=|location=|pages=|language=Spanish|doi=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205001842/http://portal.lacaixa.es/infocorporativa/datosbasicos_en.html|archivedate=February 5, 2009|quote=|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}

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