“Crouch End”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Crouch End is an area of North London, approximately 5 miles from the City of London in the western half of the borough of Haringey.

Location

Crouch End lies between Harringay to the east; Hornsey, Muswell Hill and Wood Green to the north; Stroud Green and Archway to the south; and Highgate to the west. It is located 4.6 miles north of Charing Cross and 5.1 miles from the City of London.

Toponymy

The name Crouch End is derived from Middle English. A 'crouch' meant cross while an 'end' referred to an outlying area.^[2]^[3] Some think that this refers to the borders of the parish, in other words, the area where the influence of the parish ends.

Its name has been recorded as Crouchend (1465), Crowchende (1480), the Crouche Ende (1482), and Crutche Ende (1553).^[4] In 1593 it is recorded as "Cruch End".^[5]

History

Crouch End was the junction of four locally important roads. A wooden cross was erected at the junction of these roads, roughly where the Clock Tower now stands, and a small settlement developed around it. Crouch End seems to have developed as the early centre of cultivation for Hornsey, and was where the farmsteads seem to have been grouped.^[6]

From the later part of the eighteenth century, Crouch End, along with most of Hornsey, became home to wealthy London merchants seeking a refuge from the City. However, the area remained rural in character until around 1880.^[7] The development of the railway changed the area significantly. By 1887 there were seven railway stations in the area. By the end of the 19th century, Crouch End had become a prosperous middle-class suburb due to an influx of mainly clerical workers who could easily commute to the city. The large old houses were replaced by comfortable middle-class housing, public parks were created, and a number of new roads and avenues, such as Elder Avenue and Weston Park, were laid out.

It expanded greatly in the late Victorian period and most of its present-day streets were built up in the late 19th century. By the mid-1930s Crouch End had a popular shopping centre that included a Music Hall in the middle of Topsfield Parade.

Until 1965 it was administratively part of the Municipal Borough of Hornsey and that body's forerunners. In 1965, when local government in London was reorganised, Hornsey merged with the boroughs of Wood Green and Tottenham, and Crouch End became part of the London Borough of Haringey.

In the post-war years, the London-wide provision of social housing led to the building of council homes in and around Crouch End, Hornsey Vale and Hornsey itself. Many of the older houses in the area lay empty post-war and many were bought cheaply by speculative landlords who then let them out to the growing student populations of the Mountview and Hornsey Art College as well as to artists and musicians, who flocked to the area because of cheap rents. The area became known as student bedsit land for several decades into the early 1980s until rising house prices changed the social profile of the area and progressively wealthier residents moved in. These social changes were accompanied by changes in the shop types over the period; the change brought a large number of estate agents, hairdressers, restaurants and cafes. However, Crouch End retains a good selection of traditional high street shops including 2 butchers, a fishmonger, 2 grocers, 3 bakers, 2 bookshops, 4 children's shops, over 30 places to buy a cup of coffee, 8 pubs and 2 cinemas.

Notable buildings

Hornsey Town Hall

Among its more prominent buildings is the modernistic Hornsey Town Hall, built by the Municipal Borough of Hornsey as their seat of government in 1933–35.^[8] It is now a Grade ll * listed building one of about 21,767 . The architect was the New Zealand-born Reginald Uren. The interior and exterior have been used several times as a location by the BBC 'Hours' The Hours(?) Adaptation of Michael Cunningham's novel. Three very separate women living in different locations are bound by their passion for Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs Dalloway.and other TV and films, including a scene in The Crown. ^[9] The building is about to undergo renovation and conversion into a hotel, apartments and an arts centre by the Far East Consortium.

Clocktower

The red-brick Clock Tower has become a much-loved icon of Crouch End. Designed by the architect Frederick Knight, it was originally built as a memorial to Henry Reader Williams^[10] in 1895.^[11] Williams was Chairman of the local authority of Hornsey from 1880-1894, and played a key part in shaping the district, in particular campaigning against developers for the preservation of Highgate Wood and Queen’s Wood. He also paved the way for the purchase of Alexandra Palace and Park by a consortium of local authorities in 1901. After Williams’s retirement the newly designated Hornsey Urban District Council decided to erect a clock tower to celebrate his achievements. Out of the estimated cost of £1200, £900 was raised by public subscription, such was the respect the community had for Williams.

On 23 June 1895 a ceremony was held for its unveiling. The Broadway was hung with flags, and the Tower connected to nearby houses with festoons. Over a thousand people assembled, and at 12 noon the Earl of Stafford, Lord-Lieutenant of Middlesex, released a blue ribbon hanging from the belfry and the clock struck its first notes. The bronze sculptor of the portrait head of Williams was created by Alfred Gilbert, who also designed Eros in Piccadilly Circus.{{Cn|date=February 2019}}

Crouch End Hippodrome

The Crouch End Hippodrome originally opened on Tottenham Lane in July 1897 as the Queen's Opera House with a production of The Geisha. The Theatre was a reconstruction of the former Crouch End Athenaeum and was built for the owners and managers H. H. Morell and Frederick Mouillot (who at the time owned another 17 Theatres between them). The theatre sat 1500 people. It was renamed the Hippodrome in 1907 and became a popular music hall. During a bombing raid in 1940 it was very badly damaged. It is now a Virgin gym.

Hornsey College of Art

In 1880 an art school was established by Charles Swinstead, an artist and teacher who lived at Crouch End. It became "an iconic British art institution, renowned for its experimental and progressive approach to art and design education". In May 1968, as Hornsey College of Art, it was occupied by students as a protest against the ideology of art education and teaching in Britain. ^[12] The occupation, soon joined by others around the country, and linked with similar events in Paris, offered a major critique of the education system at the time.^[13] After the authorities regained control, known as the 'night of the dogs', sympathetic lecturers and students who had taken part (including Tom Nairn and Kim Howells) were dismissed. Later the college was merged with Middlesex Polytechnic, now University, in the 1970s. Subsequently, it was relocated to a Middlesex campus at Cat Hill and the lease of the building taken over by the TUC, which used it as its national training centre. In 2005 Haringey Council took it over, extending and converting the building in order to enlarge Coleridge Primary School.

Education

There are three state secondary schools serving the N8 Crouch End area. Highgate Wood School in Montenotte Road is a nine form entry mixed school. Highgate Wood School was the senior school to the former Crouch End School based on the corner of Wolseley Road and Park Road, opposite the Maynard Arms. Hornsey School for Girls in Inderwick Road is the only single sex school in N8. In Hornsey, there is the Greig City Academy (formerly St David and St Katherines). Further away Heartlands High School which lies between Wood Green and Alexandra Palace was opened by Haringey in 2010; despite not being in Crouch End it is close enough to provide additional provision. Over 6,000 children school in the area, approx 2,300 in primary schools and 3,700 in secondary schools (11-18).

Kestrel House is an independent special school for pupils with autistic spectrum conditions and additional learning and behavioural needs. The vast majority of pupils are referred by local authorities in London and the Home Counties who pay the fees.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}} It is housed in the former Mountview Theatre School premises at the north end of Crouch Hill -the end nearest Crouch End Broadway. Also in the independent (fee paying sector) are Highgate School and Channing School, both used by parents in Crouch End but located in Highgate.

There are a number of primary schools serving Crouch End (seven in total within the N8 postcode): Weston Park, Rokesly School, Coleridge Primary School at the top of Crouch End Hill near the border with Islington, St Aidans in Stroud Green (not N8), St Gildas and St Peter-in Chains, just off Crouch Hill and St Mary's in Hornsey. Campsbourne Primary School on Nightingale Lane, North Harringay Primary School on Falkland Road and Ashmount Primary School. Ashmount was until December 2012 on the south side of Hornsey Lane, in Islington and in the N19 postal district, but only meters from Haringey. (The border between Haringey and Islington runs down Hornsey Lane.) The school moved January 2013 to a new building in Crouch Hill Park adjacent to the Parkland Walk in N8.

There are many nursery schools in the area, including Bright Horizons, Creative Explorers, Keiki and MTO.

Library provision

Hornsey Library is located on Haringey Park, N8. The Grade ll listed building is on a site adjoining the south side of Hornsey Town Hall. The Library contains a large book stock, DVDs, provides free access to the Internet, meeting rooms for adult education classes, the Original Gallery for art exhibitions, literary groups and performers. There is also a children's library, where events for pre-school children take place.

Permanent artwork includes the engraved Hornsey Window by Fred Mitchell, and a bronze sculpture outside by Huxley-Jones. The library contains the Community and Youth Music Library, one of largest collections of music sets in the country. Owned by a charitable company, it was started over 100 years ago and is now located semi-permanently at Hornsey Library.

Parks

To the immediate west, lies Highgate Wood, and the adjacent Queen's Wood, as well as a large expanse of playing fields. To the north is Alexandra Park and to the south Finsbury Park. The Parkland Walk, a former railway line, makes a circuitous connection part of the way between these two parks. Other parks in the area include Stationers' Park, Priory Park and [https://www.breeam.com/case-studies/education/crouch-hill-park-london-uk/ Crouch Hill Park] in Islington.

Local Civic Society

Crouch End Neighbourhood Forum

The Neighbourhood Forum, set up in response to the government initiatives under the heading 'localism'. The Forum is formally recognised by the London Borough of Haringey as representative of Crouch End. One of the first tasks of the Forum was to define [https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=1CxrOCSgiXmJTft9lf3IXILOAQ90&ll=51.580111579752426%2C-0.12320999999997184&z=15 the boundaries of Crouch End]. The Forum's main task is to produce a Neighbourhood Plan

Hornsey Historical Society

Founded in 1971, the HHS has over 400 members and is based in the old school house on the boundary between Hornsey and Crouch End by Holy Innocents^[14] The HSS was originally formed to research, preserve and promote the history of the parish of Hornsey, and from 1983 included the area covered by the parliamentary constituency of Hornsey and Wood Green. They have over 21,000 items including articles, books, documents & manuscripts, local newspapers, maps, photographs, postcards and video memories. They also sell books on the local history and organise talks. [https://hornseyhistorical.org.uk/ Link to HHS website]

Local arts scene

Crouch End has long been associated with creativity, especially since the 1970s when many artists, musicians, film and TV makers, animators and performers of all kinds flocked here due to cheap rents. According to Haringey Council, a higher than average proportion of the population works in the creative industries.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for claim re proportion of the population working in the creative industries|date=August 2018}}

Cinema

Crouch End has two cinemas, the independent Art House and the Crouch End Picturehouse.

Comedy

Music

Crouch End is home of the symphonic choir, Crouch End Festival Chorus. The choir has worked with many classical and popular music artists including Ennio Morricone, Noel Gallagher, Andrea Bocelli, Katherine Jenkins. It has recorded with Lesley Garrett, Bryn Terfel, Ray Davies, Alfie Boe, EMI Classics and Classic FM, performed at The Proms in the Royal Albert Hall on several occasions and recorded works for film, television and sound track recording. Amongst those is the soundtrack for Doctor Who. It also commissions works from modern composers on its own account.

Crouch End Festival

The 'Crouch End Festival' re-instated in May 2012 by Chris Arnold, Robin Stevenson and Marice Cumber.^[15] It originally started as a Facebook site, Crouch End Creatives. It includes art exhibitions, drama, dance, film, poetry, photography, fringe, music, an outdoor cinema, introduced by Peter Bradshaw, in the Hornsey Town Hall square and one of London's biggest Zombie Walks. The Festival features over 200 artists plus 14 schools, 6 churches and numerous community groups across over 60 venues and was somewhat laughably described by the Ham & High Broadway as 'London's own mini Edinburgh Festival'.

The Church Studios, and Bob Dylan

In the early 1980s part of the old church on Crouch Hill was converted for use as a studio by Bob Bura and John John Hardwick, the animators who worked on Camberwick Green, Captain Pugwash and Trumpton. Named 'The Church', in 1990s the space was rented to Dave Stewart and Annie Lennox of the Eurythmics.

In the 1990s Bob Dylan worked on an album in the studio, and became so fond of the area he looked for a property in Crouch End. He was a regular at the now-closed Shamrat Indian restaurant.^[16]

Arts scene urban legends

Notable residents

Surrounding neighbourhoods

Transport

Nearest tube stations

Nearest railway stations

Bus services

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13688776&c=Crouch+End&d=14&e=62&g=6326977&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1477157918284&enc=1|title=Haringey Ward population 2011|accessdate=22 October 2015|publisher=Office for National Statistics |work=Neighbourhood Statistics}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://londonist.com/2016/04/how-london-s-hills-got-their-names|title=How London's Hills Got Their Names|publisher=www.londonist.com|accessdate=6 February 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://hidden-london.com/gazetteer/crouch-end/|title=Crouch End, Haringey - Hidden London|publisher =www.hidden-london.com|accessdate=23 January 2018}}
4. ^{{cite book|title=A Dictionary of London Place-Names|first =A.D.|last =Mills|isbn=9780199566785|publisher= Oxford|year= 2010|pages=[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UWKcAQAAQBAJ&lpg=PR8&dq=Crouch%20End%20meaning&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q=Crouch%20End%20&f=false 69-69]}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jpmaps.co.uk/map/id.33043 |title=John Norden's map of Middlesex |publisher=Jonathan Potter Ltd. |accessdate=16 December 2017}}
6. ^A P Baggs, Diane K Bolton, M A Hicks and R B Pugh, 'Hornsey, including Highgate: Growth before the mid 19th century', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 6, Friern Barnet, Finchley, Hornsey With Highgate, ed. T F T Baker and C R Elrington (London, 1980), pp. 107-111. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol6/pp107-111 [accessed 12 August 2018].
7. ^The transcribed 1829–1848 diaries of William Copeland Astbury describe in great detail London life of the period, including walks to Crouch End.
8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://hornseyhistorical.org.uk/civic-pride-hornsey/|title=Civic Pride in Hornsey|last=Cherry|first=Bridget|publisher=Hornsey Historical Society|year=2006|isbn=|location=London|pages=}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Haringey on Film - document from Haringey Council|url=http://www.haringey.gov.uk/haringey_on_film_-_full_list.doc|accessdate=17 February 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231060157/http://www.haringey.gov.uk/haringey_on_film_-_full_list.doc|archivedate=31 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}
10. ^Henry Williams was a local wine merchant and local councillor who led the campaign to preserve Highgate Wood against threatened development.{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}
11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://hornseyhistorical.org.uk/crouch-end-clock-tower/|title=Crouch End Clock Tower|last=Schwitzer|first=Joan|publisher=Hornsey Historical Society|year=2002|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
12. ^What happened at Hornsey in May 1968 — Nick Wright {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006071952/http://www.1968andallthat.net/node/82 |date=2011-10-06 }}.
13. ^{{cite book | author=Various | title=The Hornsey Affair | publisher=Penguin Education | year=1969 }}
14. ^[Hornsey Historical Society website - https://hornseyhistorical.org.uk]
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.crouchendfestival.org/ |title=Creative Festival of over 160 events |publisher=Crouch End Festival |date=2013-09-15 |accessdate=2013-11-07}}
16. ^{{cite web |last1=Walker |first1=Nick |last2=Bennetto |first2=Jason |title=No direction home? Dylan tries Crouch End |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/no-direction-home-dylan-tries-crouch-end-1461221.html |website=The Independent |accessdate=1 August 2018 |date=15 August 1993}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.expectingrain.com/dok/div/crouchend.html |title=expectingrain.com |publisher=expectingrain.com |date=1997-06-08 |accessdate=2013-11-07}}
18. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://bookbanter.wordpress.com/2010/04/15/an-interview-with-peter-straub-march-2010/ |title=An Interview with Peter Straub (March, 2010) | Bookbanter |publisher=Bookbanter.wordpress.com |date= |accessdate=2013-11-07}}
19. ^{{cite book|last1=Beahm|first1=George|title=Stephen King from A to Z: An Encyclopedia of His Life and Work|date=1 September 1998|publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing|isbn=0836269144|page=47}}