| 词条 | Laguna San Rafael National Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Laguna San Rafael National Park | iucn_category = II | photo = Campo de Hielo Norte.jpg | photo_caption = Northern Patagonian Ice Field | location = Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region, Chile | nearest_city = Puerto Chacabuco | coordinates = {{coord|46|40|S|73|55|W|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | area = {{convert|17420|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} | established = 1959 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Corporación Nacional Forestal }} Laguna San Rafael National Park ({{IPA-es|laˈɣuna san rafaˈel}}) is a park located on the Pacific coast of southern Chile. The park is named for the San Rafael Lagoon formed by the retreat of the San Rafael Glacier. Created in 1959, it covers an area of {{convert|17420|sqkm|0|abbr=on}} and includes the Northern Patagonian Ice Field. A fjord more than {{convert|16|km|0|abbr=on}} long is one of the park's principal attractions. HistoryNon-indigenous people first explored the area of Laguna San Rafael in the year 1675. The glacier of the same name was a land-terminating glacier during that time. It probably reached again the lagoon at some time between 1741 and 1766, and it has been a tidewater glacier since that date.[1] The park was designated a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 1979.[2] GeographyThe park comprises some of the higher Andes mountains of Patagonia, such as the Monte San Valentín, Cerro Arenales, Cerro Hyades and Cerro Pared Norte. This park contains a number of rivers. San Tadeo River is located in the Isthmus of Ofqui and flows into San Quintín Bay in the north part of the Gulf of Penas. Also there are various rivers bordering the park, such as the Baker River and the Exploradores River. Témpanos River (not really a river) connects San Rafael Lagoon with the Gulf Elefantes, the southern part of Moraleda Channel. Presidente Ríos Lake spans the border between the park and Las Guaitecas National Reserve. ClimateAverage annual rainfall at Cabo Raper (lat 46°50' S.), on the open coast of the Taitao Peninsula, is about {{convert|2000|mm|0|abbr=on}}. Going eastward, the amount of precipitation increases in the sheltered areas of the Chilean Inside Passage, being similar to that of Los Lagos Region. The average annual precipitation recorded between 1981 and 1985 at Laguna San Rafael weather station (lat 46°37' S.) was {{convert|4440|mm|0|abbr=on}}. At higher elevations, the precipitation increase is significant and is in the form of snow on the Northern Patagonian Ice Field, being recorded over {{convert|6000|mm|abbr=on}} of annual precipitation.[1] {{Weather box|location = Cabo Raper (1961-1990) |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan high C = 14.3 |Feb high C = 14.0 |Mar high C = 13.6 |Apr high C = 12.5 |May high C = 11.1 |Jun high C = 10.0 |Jul high C = 9.4 |Aug high C = 8.9 |Sep high C = 9.6 |Oct high C = 10.5 |Nov high C = 11.5 |Dec high C = 12.9 |year high C = 11.5 |Jan mean C = 11.5 |Feb mean C = 11.4 |Mar mean C = 11.0 |Apr mean C = 10.1 |May mean C = 8.9 |Jun mean C = 7.3 |Jul mean C = 6.7 |Aug mean C = 6.6 |Sep mean C = 7.2 |Oct mean C = 8.0 |Nov mean C = 9.3 |Dec mean C = 10.3 |year mean C = 9.0 |Jan low C = 8.7 |Feb low C = 8.5 |Mar low C = 7.9 |Apr low C = 7.0 |May low C = 6.0 |Jun low C = 4.6 |Jul low C = 4.3 |Aug low C = 4.1 |Sep low C = 4.7 |Oct low C = 5.3 |Nov low C = 6.6 |Dec low C = 7.6 |year low C = 6.3 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 149.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 132.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 149.4 |Apr precipitation mm = 155.5 |May precipitation mm = 162.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 158.0 |Jul precipitation mm = 166.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 147.8 |Sep precipitation mm = 121.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 136.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 146.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 142.2 |year precipitation mm = 1767.0 |source 1 = Meteorología Interactiva[3] |date=August 2010 }} BiologySeveral species of birds find shelter in the park, including black-browed albatrosses, great grebes, black-necked swans and cormorants. The wildlife in this area also include Chilean dolphins, sea lions, marine otters and elephant seals. See also{{commons category}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web |title=P 1386-I -- Chile and Argentina - Wet Andes|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1386i/chile-arg/wet/index.html|author=USGS|accessdate=2006-12-15}} {{National Parks of Chile}}{{Authority control}}2. ^UNESCO {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010021102/http://www2.unesco.org/mab/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?mode=all&code=CHI+04 |date=2006-10-10 }} - Park description at UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve 3. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILESUR.HTM |title = Información climatológica de estaciones chilenas |publisher = Universidad de Chile |language = Spanish |accessdate = April 24, 2014 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://archive.is/20121209044738/http://www.atmosfera.cl/HTML/climatologia/DATOS/CHILESUR.HTM |archivedate = December 9, 2012 |df = }} 5 : Biosphere reserves of Chile|Protected areas established in 1959|Protected areas of Aysén Region|National parks of Chile|Taitao Peninsula |
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