| 词条 | Lakeview Gusher | ||||
| 释义 |
| spill_name = Lakeview Gusher Number One | image = Lakeview1Gusher.jpg | image_size = 275px | image_caption = The Lakeview gusher after the flow had partially subsided and the well surrounded by a sandbag berm, 1910 | location = Kern County, California | coordinates = {{coord|35.091424|-119.401377|type:landmark_region:US-CA|display=inline,title}} | spill_date = 14 March 1910 – September 1911 | cause = Wellhead blowout | operator = Lakeview Oil Company | volume = {{convert|9|Moilbbl}}{{Designation list|embed=yes|designation1=California|designation1_number=485}} }}{{Location map | California | relief = yes | width = 250 | caption = Location of Lakeview Gusher | lat_deg = 35.091424 | lon_deg = -119.401377 | labe1 = Lakeview Gusher }}Lakeview Gusher Number One was an eruption of hydrocarbons from a pressurized oil well in the Midway-Sunset Oil Field in Kern County, California, in 1910. It created the largest accidental oil spill in history, lasting 18 months and releasing {{convert|9|Moilbbl}} of crude oil.[1] Midway-Sunset was one of the largest oil reserves in the United States. When drilling commenced, the Lakeview Oil Company expected natural gas and a small amount of oil. Instead, there was a large blowout which overloaded storage tanks.[2] The geyser released more than {{convert|1.2|e6ST|t}} of crude oil, far more than any other single leak on land or water. Its site is located about a half-mile (800 m) east of the Taft–Maricopa Highway, California Route 33, marked by a Caltrans guide sign and a bronze plaque designated as California Historical Landmark number 485.[3] BackgroundThe Lakeview Oil Company started drilling at its Number One well on 1 January 1909. Initially only natural gas was found. As work continued the company partnered with the Union Oil Company, which wanted to build storage tanks there.[4] Early twentieth-century drilling technology lacked such modern safety features as blowout preventers. When drilling reached a well depth of {{convert|2440|ft|abbr=on}} on 14 March 1910,[5] pressurized oil blew through the well casing above the bit. An estimated {{convert|9|Moilbbl}} escaped before the gusher was brought under control in September 1911.[6] The initial daily flow was {{convert|18800|oilbbl}}, creating a river of crude that crews rushed to contain with improvised sand bag dams and dikes. Peak flow reached {{convert|90000|oilbbl}} per day, diverted via a pipeline to storage tanks {{convert|2.5|mi}} away, where an {{convert|8|in|adj=on}} line led to Port Avila on the coast.[2] In spite of these efforts, less than half of the 9.4 million barrels released during the gusher's 544 days were saved. The rest evaporated or seeped into the ground.[2] See also
References1. ^{{cite news |title=California's legendary oil spill | work=Los Angeles Times |date=13 June 2010 |first=Steve |last=Harvey |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/13/local/la-me-then-20100613 |accessdate=14 July 2010}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web | title=The Lakeview Gusher | url=http://www.sjgs.com/lakeview.html | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019100520/http://www.sjgs.com/lakeview.html | publisher=San Joaquin Geological Society | date=23 September 2002 | archivedate=19 October 2006| accessdate=11 June 2010}} 3. ^{{cite ohp|485|Lakeview Gusher|2012-10-07}} 4. ^{{cite book | last=Bailey | first=Richard C. | title=Kern County Place Names | location=Bakersfield | publisher=Merchant's Printing and Lithography Co | year=1967 | oclc=158106}} 5. ^{{cite book | last=Rintoul | first=William | pages=106–113 | title=Spudding In: Recollections of Pioneer Days in the California Oil Fields | location=San Francisco | publisher=California Historical Society | year=1976 | isbn=978-0-910312-37-0}} 6. ^{{cite book | last=Rintoul | first=William |author2=Hodgson, Susan F. | pages=13–15 | title=Drilling through time: 75 years with California's Division of Oil and Gas | location=Sacramento | publisher=California Department of Conservation, Division of Oil and Gas | year=1990 | isbn=978-0-9627124-0-1}} External links{{Commons category|Lakeview Gusher|position=left}}
7 : Oil spills in the United States|1910 in California|History of Kern County, California|Oil fields in Kern County, California|Petroleum in California|California Historical Landmarks|1910 in the environment |
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