“Lasianthus”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Lasianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are tropical subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. They inhabit the understory of primary forests. None of them are known to have any use.

Dried specimens of Lasianthus often shed their flowers and fruit. For this reason, misidentification is common, even in herbaria.

The name Lasianthus has been misapplied to Lisianthius (also spelled as "Lisianthus" or "Lisyanthus"^[10]), a genus in Gentianaceae. Lasianthus alatus Aublet is a misspelling of Lisyanthus alatus Aublet, a species now placed in Chelonanthus.

Species

Lasianthus contains the following species. This list may be incomplete or contain synonyms. All species mentioned in the article are listed here.

Description

Subshrubs, shrubs, or rarely, small trees. - Leaves opposite, distichous. Stipules interpetiolar, usually persistent. - Inflorescences axillary, usually sessile. Flowers small, white. - Calyx with 3 to 6 teeth or lobes; persistent. Corolla with 4 to 6 lobes; throat usually villous. - Stamens 4 to 6, inserted on corolla throat. Anthers dorsifixed. - Stigma with lanceolate or linear lobes. Ovary multilocular. - Ovules basal, erect, 1 per locule. - Fruit a small drupe, usually blue. Pyrenes with thick walls.

History

The generic name Lasianthus is derived from the Greek lasios, "shaggy, velvety, hairy", and anthos, "flower".^[11] The genus was named by William Jack in 1823.^[12]^[13]

Some authors have recognized Dressleriopsis and Litosanthes as genera separate from Lasianthus. Dressleriopsis was sunk into Lasianthus in 1982.^[8]

Litosanthes was erected by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1823. It was synonymized under Lasianthus in 1992.^[14] DNA sequence analysis has not resolved the question of whether Litosanthes is nested within Lasianthus or separate from it.

Affinities

Saprosma and Amaracarpus were traditionally thought to be close to Lasianthus. Saprosma is polyphyletic, with only part of it related to Lasianthus.^[15] Amaracarpus is close to Psychotria. The African genera Batopedina and Dirichletia have also been suggested as relatives of Lasianthus.

Taxonomy

Only one molecular phylogenetic study has sampled more than a few species from the tribe Lasiantheae. In that study, 11 species of Lasianthus were sampled, but few relationships were resolved.^[15]

In 2012, a revision of the Malesian species divided Lasianthus into 3 sections, based on the following type species: L. section Stipulares (Lasianthus stipularis), L. section Lasianthus (Lasianthus cyanocarpus), and L. section Nudiflorae (Lasianthus blumeanus).^[2] They did not recognize L.section Pedunculatae (Lasianthus biermanii), which some previous authors had recognized. They considered it to be indistinguishable from L. section Lasianthus.

References

1. ^Lasianthus In: Index Nominum Genericorum. In: Regnum Vegetabile (see External links below).
2. ^¹Hua Zhu, Marco C. Roos, and Colin E. Ridsdale. 2012. "A taxonomic revision of the Malesian species of Lasianthus (Rubiaceae)". Blumea 57(1):1-102. {{doi|10.3767/000651912X652012}}
3. ^Debendra B. Deb and Mohan G. Gagnopadhyay. 1991. "Taxonomic study of the genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) in India". Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 15(2):265-308.
4. ^Hua Zhu and Charlotte M. Taylor. 2011. Lasianthus, pages 185-198. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, and Hong Deyuan (editors). 1994 onward. Flora of China, vol. 19: Cucurbitaceae - Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Science Press: Beijing, China; and Missouri Botanical Garden Press: St. Louis, MO, USA. {{ISBN|978-1-935641-04-9}} (vol. 19) {{ISBN|978-0-915279-34-0}} (set). (See External links below).
5. ^Colin E. Ridsdale. 1998. Rubiaceae, pages 141-343. In: Meliyasena D. Dassanayake and William D. Clayton (editors). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon, vol. 12. {{ISBN|978-90-5410-270-0}} (vol.12) (See External links below).
6. ^¹David J. Mabberley. 2008. Mabberley's Plant-Book third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. {{ISBN|978-0-521-82071-4}}
7. ^Bernard Verdcourt. 1976. Lasianthus. pages 134-145. In: Rubiaceae (part 1). In: Roger M. Polhill (editor). Flora of Tropical East Africa. Agents for Oversea (sic) Governments and Administration. London, U.K. (See External links below).
8. ^¹Elmar Robbrecht. 1982. "The identity of the Panamanian genus Dressleriopsis (Rubiaceae)". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 69(2):427-429.
9. ^Laurie G. Adams, Diane M. Bridson, and Elmar Robbrecht. 1987. "The Identity of Lasianthus graciliflorus Bailey (Rubiaceae)". Kew Bulletin 42(1):209-214.
10. ^Lena Struwe. undated. Gentian Research Network (website). (See External links below0.
11. ^Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names volume II. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington,DC;, USA. London, UK. {{ISBN|978-0-8493-2676-9}} (vol. II). (see External links below).
12. ^Lasianthus in International Plant Names Index. (see External links below).
13. ^William Jack. !823. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 14:125. (See External links below).
14. ^Mohan G. Gagnopadhyay and T. Chakrabarty. 1992. "A note on the status of Litosanthes Bl. (Rubiaceae)". Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 16(2):337-338.
15. ^¹²Long-Qian Xiao and Hua Zhu. 2007. "Paraphyly and phylogenetic relationships in Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) inferred from chloroplast rps16 data". Botanical Studies 48(2):227-232. (See External links below).
16. ^Catarina Rydin, Kent Kainulainen, Sylvain G Razafimandimbison, Jenny E E Smedmark, and Birgitta Bremer. 2009. "Deep divergences in the coffee family and the systematic position of Acranthera". Plant Systematics and Evolution 278(1-2):101-123. {{doi|10.1007/s00606-008-0138-4}}