| 词条 | Laurence Chisholm Young |
| 释义 |
| name = Laurence Chisholm Young | image = Cairns Daniell Young Stouffer Mitchell Stouffer Kenedy Zurich1932.tif | image_size = | alt = | caption = L. Ch. Young (standing right) at the ICM 1932 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1905|07|14}} | birth_place = Göttingen | death_date = {{Death date and age|2000|12|24|1905|07|14}} | death_place = Madison, Wisconsin | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = | workplaces = {{plainlist|
| alma_mater = Cambridge University | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = Wendell Fleming | notable_students = | known_for = Calculus of variations, real analysis | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = {{plainlist|
| signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = }} Laurence Chisholm Young (14 July 1905 – 24 December 2000) was an American mathematician known for his contributions to measure theory, the calculus of variations, optimal control theory, and potential theory. He was the son of William Henry Young and Grace Chisholm Young, both prominent mathematicians. The concept of Young measure is named after him: he also introduced the concept of the generalized curve[1] and a concept of generalized surface[2] which later evolved in the concept of varifold.[3][4] The Young integral also is named after him and has now been generalised in the theory of rough paths.[5] Life and academic careerLaurence Chisholm Young was born in Göttingen,[6] the fifth of the six children of William Henry Young and Grace Chisholm Young.[7] Selected publicationsBooks
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = |title = The Theory of Integration |place = Cambridge |publisher = Cambridge University Press |series = Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics |volume = 21 |year = 1927 |pages = viii + 53 |url = https://archive.org/details/theoryofintegrat032534mbp |doi = |jfm = 53.0207.19 }}, available from the Internet archive.
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = |title = Lectures on the Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control |place = Philadelphia–London–Toronto |publisher = W. B. Saunders |year = 1969 |pages = xi+331 |url = https://books.google.com/?id=YQpRAAAAMAAJ |doi = |id = |isbn = |mr = 0259704 |zbl = 0177.37801 }}.
|last = Young |first = Laurence |author-link = |title = Mathematicians and their times. History of mathematics and mathematics of history |place = Amsterdam–New York |publisher = North-Holland Publishing Co. |series = North-Holland Mathematics Studies, 48 / Notas de Matemática [Mathematical Notes], 76 |volume = |year = 1981 |pages = x+344 |language = |url =https://books.google.com/?id=NWKc7mYOBhUC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true |doi = |id = |isbn = 978-0-444-86135-1|mr = 0629980 |zbl = 0446.01028 }}. Papers
|last=Young |first=L. C. |title=An inequality of the Hölder type, connected with Stieltjes integration |journal=Acta Mathematica |volume=67 |year=1936 |issue=1 |pages=251–282 |doi=10.1007/bf02401743 |jfm =62.0250.02 |zbl =0016.10404 |subscription=yes }}.
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = |title = Generalized curves and the existence of an attained absolute minimum in the Calculus of Variations |journal = Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Varsovie |volume = XXX |series =Classe III |issue = 7–9 |pages = 211–234 |year=1937 |url=http://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/editions-content?id=69114 |jfm =63.1064.01 |zbl =0019.21901 }}, memoir presented by Stanisław Saks at the session of 16 December 1937 of the Warsaw Society of Sciences and Letters. The free PDF copy is made available by the RCIN –Digital Repository of the Scientifics Institutes.
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = |title = Generalized Surfaces in the Calculus of Variations |journal = Annals of Mathematics |volume = 43 |series =Second Series |issue = 1 |pages = 84–103 |date=January 1942 |jstor=1968882 |doi=10.2307/1968882 |jfm =68.0227.03 |mr =0006023 |zbl =0063.09081 |subscription=yes }}.
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = |title = Generalized Surfaces in the Calculus of Variations. II |journal = Annals of Mathematics |volume = 43 |series =Second Series |issue = 3 |pages = 530–544 |date=July 1942a |jstor=1968809 |doi=10.2307/1968809 |mr =0006832 |zbl =0063.08362 |subscription=yes }}.
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = Laurence Chisholm Young |title = Surfaces parametriques generalisees |journal = Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France |volume = 79 |pages = 59–84 |year=1951 |url =http://www.numdam.org/item?id=BSMF_1951__79__59_0 |mr = 46421 |zbl = 0044.10203 |doi = 10.24033/bsmf.1419 }}.
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = |title = A variantional Algoritm |language = |journal = Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma |series = (1) |volume = 5 |pages = 255–268 |year = 1954 |url =http://rivista.math.unipr.it/fulltext/1954-5/1954-5-268.pdf |id = |mr =81437 |zbl =0059.09605 }}.
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = |title = Partial area – I |language = |journal = Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma |series = (1) |volume = 10 |pages = 103–113 |year = 1959 |url =http://rivista.math.unipr.it/fulltext/1959-10/1959-10-103.pdf |id = |mr =141760 |zbl =0107.27402 }}.
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = |title = Partial area. Part. II: Contours on hypersurfaces |language = |journal = Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma |series = (1) |volume = 10 |pages = 171–182 |year = 1959a |url =http://rivista.math.unipr.it/fulltext/1959-10/1959-10-171.pdf |id = |mr =141761 |zbl =0107.27402 }}.
|last = Young |first = L. C. |author-link = |title = Partial area. Part III: Symmetrization and the isoperimetric and least area problems |language = |journal = Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma |series = (1) |volume = 10 |pages = 257–263 |year = 1959b |url =http://rivista.math.unipr.it/fulltext/1959-10/1959-10-257.pdf |id = |mr =141762 |zbl =0107.27402 }}.
|first = Laurence C. |last = Young |author-link = |editor-last = Roxin |editor-first = Emilio O. |editor-link = |contribution = Remarks and personal reminiscences |contribution-url = |title = Modern optimal control: a conference in honor of Solomon Lefschetz and Joseph P. LaSalle |series = Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics |volume = 119 |year = 1989 |pages = 421–433 |place = New York |publisher = Marcel Dekker |url =https://books.google.com/?id=-ejQW0mFf00C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=true |doi = |id = |mr = 1013226 |isbn = 9780824781682 }}. See also
Notes1. ^{{harv|Young|1937}}. 2. ^{{harv|Young|1951}}. 3. ^In his commemorative papers describing the research of Almgren, {{harvs|txt|first1=Brian|last1=White|author1-link= Brian White (mathematician)|year=1997|year2=1998|loc1=p.1452, footnote 1|loc2=p.682, footnote 1}} writes that these are "essentially the same class of surfaces". He notes also that Young himself used the same term in a somewhat different context i.e. in {{harvs|first=L. C.|last=Young|year1=1942|year2=1942a}}. 4. ^See also the 2015 unpublished essay of his pupil Wendell Fleming. 5. ^{{harv|Young|1936}}. 6. ^{{harv|Turner|Rabinowitz|Rudin|2001}}. 7. ^{{harv|Fleming|Wiegand|2004|p=413}}. References{{refbegin}}Biographical and general references
| last = Fleming | first = Wendell H. | author-link = Wendell Fleming | last2 = Wiegand | first2 = Sylvia M. | author2-link =Sylvia Wiegand | title = Laurence Chisholm Young (1905-2000) | journal = Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society | volume = 36 | issue = 3 | pages = 413–424 | year = 2004 | doi = 10.1112/S0024609303002959 | mr = 2038729 | zbl = 1050.01519 }}
|last = Aubin |first = Jean–Pierre |author-link = |author2-link = |title = Eloge du Professeur L. C. Young, Docteur Honoris Causa de l'Université Paris-Dauphine |journal = Gazette des Mathématiciens |volume = No. 27 |pages = 98–112 |year = 1985 |language = French |url = |doi = |id = |mr = 0803575 |zbl = }}, including a reply by L. C. Young himself (pages 109–112).
| last =Turner | first =Robert | author-link = | last2 =Rabinowitz | first2 =Paul | author2-link =Paul Rabinowitz | last3 =Rudin | first3 =Mary Ellen | author3-link =Mary Ellen Rudin | title =On the death of Professor Emeritus Laurence Chisholm Young | series =Memorial Resolution of the Faculty of the University of Wisconsin Madison | volume =Faculty Document 1554 | pages =1 | date = 5 March 2001 | url =https://www.secfac.wisc.edu/senate/2001/0305/1554(mem_res).pdf }}. Scientific references
|last = Màlek |first = Josef |author-link = |last2 = Nečas |first2 = Jindřich |author2-link = |last3 = Rokyta |first3 = Mirko |last4 = Růžička |first4 = Michael |title = Weak and measure-valued solutions to evolutionary PDEs |place = London–Weinheim–New York–Tokyo–Melbourne–Madras |publisher = Chapman & Hall/CRC Press |year = 1996 |series = Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Computation |volume = 13 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=30_PBBzwSfAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Weak+and+measure-valued+solutions+to+evolutionary+PDEs |isbn = 978-0-412-57750-5 |pages = xii+317 |mr = 1409366 |zbl = 0851.35002}}. One of the most complete monographs on the theory of Young measures, strongly oriented to applications in continuum mechanics of fluids.
|last1 = Roubicek |first1 = Tomas |author1-link = |title = Relaxation in optimization theory and variational calculus |url = https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/145977 |year = 1997 |place = Berlin |isbn = 978-3-11-081191-9 |publisher = De Gruyter }}. A thorough scrutiny of Young measures and their various generalization is in Chapter 3 from the perspective of convex compactifications.
|last1 = White |first1 = Brian |author1-link = Brian White (mathematician) |title = The Mathematics of F. J. Almgren Jr. |url = http://www.ams.org/notices/199711/index.html |year = 1997 |journal = Notices of the American Mathematical Society |issn = 0002-9920 |volume = 44 |issue = 11 |pages = 1451–1456 |mr = 1488574 |zbl = 0908.01017 }}.
|last=White |first=Brian |title=The mathematics of F. J. Almgren, Jr. |year=1998 |journal=The Journal of Geometric Analysis |issn=1050-6926 |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=681–702 |doi=10.1007/BF02922665 |mr=1731057 |zbl=0955.01020 |citeseerx=10.1.1.120.4639 }}. An extended version of {{harv|White|1997}} with a list of Almgren's publications. {{refend}}External links
8 : 20th-century mathematicians|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|Mathematical analysts|1905 births|2000 deaths|Variational analysts|Historians of mathematics|Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada researchers |
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