| 词条 | Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
|agencyname = Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran |nativename = نیروی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران |nativenamea = Nīrū-ye entezāmī-ye jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye Īrān |nativenamer = |commonname = Iranian Police |abbreviation = NAJA |patch = |patchcaption = |logo = NAJA.svg |logocaption = |badge = |badgecaption = |flag = Flag of the Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran.svg |flagcaption = |imagesize = |motto = {{lang-ar|كُونُواْ قَوَّامِينَ لِلّهِ شُهَدَاء بِالْقِسْط}} |mottotranslated="Be Persistently Standing Firm for Allah, Witnesses in Justice." {{Cite quran|5|8}} (Heraldry slogan) |formedyear = 1991 |formedmonthday = April 1 |preceding1 = Shahrbani (1913–1991) Gendarmerie (1910–1991) Committee (1979–1991) |employees = ≈500,000 (including conscripts and reserves)[1] |volunteers = ≈35,000 honorary police[2] |budget = |country = Iran |national = Yes |divtype = |divname = |divdab = |subdivtype = |subdivname = |subdivdab = |map = Blank-Map-Iran-With-Water-Bodies.PNG |mapcaption = Map of Iran with province borders |dmap = |sizearea = 1,648,195 km2 |sizepopulation = 78,192,200 (2013) |legaljuris = |governingbody = |governingbodyscnd = |constitution1 = Law Enforcement Force Act 1990 {{fa icon}} |police = Yes |gendarmerie = Yes |religious = Yes |speciality1 = |secret = Iran's main intellice agency is Ministry of Intelligence, however, Intelligence and Public Security Police of NAJA is part of Iran Intelligence Community. |overviewtype = |overviewbody = |headquarters = |hqlocmap = |hqlocmapborder = |hqlocmapheight = |hqlocmapwidth = |hqlocleft = |hqloctop = |hqlocmappoptitle = |sworntype = |sworn = |unsworntype = |unsworn = |electeetype = Minister |minister1name = Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli |minister1pfo = Minister of Interior[3] |chief1name = Brigadier General Hossein Ashtari |chief1position = Chief Commander[3] |parentagency = General Staff of Armed Forces |child1agency = |unittype = |unitname = |officetype = |officename = |provideragency = |stationtype = |stations = |airbases = |lockuptype = |lockups = |vehicle1type = |vehicles1 = |boat1type = |boats1 = |aircraft1type = |aircraft1 = |animal1type = |animals1 = |person1name = |person1reason = |person1type = |programme1 = |activity1name = |activitytype = |anniversary1 = 5 October[4] |website = {{url|police.ir}} |footnotes = }} The Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran[5][6][7][8][9] or Disciplinary Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran[10][11] ({{lang-fa|نیروی انتظامی جمهوری اسلامی ایران}} Nīrū-ye entezāmī-ye jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye Īrān), abbreviated as NAJA ({{lang-fa|ناجا}}) is the uniformed police force in Iran. The force was created in early 1992 by merging the Shahrbani ({{lang-fa|شهربانی Šahrbānī}}), Gendarmerie ({{lang-fa|ژاندارمری Žāndārmerī}}) and Islamic Revolutionary Committees ({{lang-fa|کمیته Komīte}}) into a single force. It has more than 60,000 police personnel, including border guard personnel, and is under the control of the Ministry of Interior.[12] In 2003, some 400 women became the first female members of the police force since the 1979 Iranian Revolution[13] HistoryThe Persian Gendarmerie, also called the Government Gendarmerie ({{lang|fa|ژاندارمری دولتی}}), was the first modern highway patrol and rural police force in Persia. A paramilitary force, it also played a significant part in politics from its establishment in 1910 during the Qajar dynasty until the advent of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1921. It was active for some time in Pahlavi era. Nazmiyeh ({{lang|fa|نظمیه}}) was also a Law Enforcement force in Persia, with police duties inside cities. Intensely concerned with matters of internal security in the post-1953 environment, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi authorized the development of one of the most extensive systems of law enforcement agencies in the developing world. The Imperial Iranian Gendarmerie ({{lang|fa|ژاندارمری شاهنشاهی ایران}}) and the National Police (Shahrbani {{lang|fa|شهربانی}} or Nazmiyeh {{lang|fa|نظمیه}}) gained in numbers and responsibilities. The secret police organization, SAVAK, gained special notoriety for its excessive zeal in "maintaining" internal security. But as in the regular armed forces, the shah's management style virtually eliminated all coordination among these agencies. He tended to shuffle army personnel back and forth between their ordinary duties and temporary positions in internal security agencies, in order to minimize the possibility of any organized coups against the throne. Added to this list of institutional shortcomings was agencies' all- important public image, cloaked in mystery and fear. After the 1979 Revolution, the gendarmerie, which was renamed to the Islamic Republic of Iran Gendarmerie ({{lang|fa|ژاندارمری جمهوری اسلامی ایران}}), was numbering nearly 74,000 in 1979, was subordinate to the Ministry of Interior. Its law enforcement responsibilities extended to all rural areas and to small towns and villages of fewer than 5,000 inhabitants. The International Institute for Strategic Studies estimated its manpower at 70,000 in 1986. The Gendarmerie was dissolved in 1990 and its personnel were assigned to the INP. The National Police of Iran operated with approximately 200,000 men in 1979, a figure that has not fluctuated much since. The National Police was also under the Ministry of Interior, and its responsibilities included all cities with more than 5,000 in population, at least 20 percent of the population. Additionally the National Police was responsible for passport and immigration procedures, issuance and control of citizens' identification cards, driver and vehicle licensing and registration, and railroad and airport policing. Some of these duties were absorbed into the Ministry of the Pasdaran during the early years of the Revolution, and cooperation between these two branches seemed extensive. Since 1979, both these paramilitary organizations have undergone complete reorganizations. IRP leaders quickly appointed Gendarmerie and police officers loyal to the Revolution to revive and reorganize the two bodies under the Islamic Republic. Between 1979 and 1983, no fewer than seven officers were given top National Police portfolios. Colonel Khalil Samimi, appointed in 1983 by the influential Ali Akbar Nategh-Nouri, then Minister of Interior, who was credited with reorganizing the National Police according to the IRP's Islamic guidelines. The Gendarmerie followed a similar path. Seven appointments were made between 1979 and 1986, leading to a full reorganization. In addition to Brigadier General Ahmad Mohagheghi, the commander in the early republican period who was executed in late summer of 1980 and five colonels were purged. Colonel Ali Kuchekzadeh played a major role in reorganizing and strengthening the Gendarmerie after its near collapse in the early revolutionary period. The commander in 1987, Colonel Mohammad Sohrabi, had served in that position since February 1985 and was the first top officer to have risen from the ranks. As of 1987, the National Police and the Gendarmerie reflected the ideology of the state. Despite their valuable internal security operations, the roles of both bodies were restricted by the rising influence of the Sepah and the Basij. The Gendarmerie was disbanded in 1991, along with the National Police and Islamic Revolution Committees; all these organizations were merged into the present-day Law Enforcement Force. The Police–110 unit specializes in rapid-response activities in urban areas and dispersing gatherings deemed dangerous to public order. In 2003, some 400 women became the first female members of the police force since the 1978–79 Revolution.[14] The current commander is IRGC-born Brigadier General Hossein Ashtari, former first deputy chief of police under Esmail Ahmadi Moqaddam; he relieved his predecessor and was appointed by the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on March 9, 2015, on the proposal of the Interior Minister of Iran .[15] Provincial Security CouncilThe Provincial Security Council is the highest provincial security body and is made up of the justice administration chief as well as the provincial police chief; it has the task to manage matters pertaining to security.[16] The Council has a provincial jurisdiction charged of managing police issues, ranging from public security issues[17][18][19] to handling of serious criminal cases.[20] Top organizationAll issues related to the Law Enforcement Force within the framework of the law are entrusted with the Interior Ministry; but in the areas of war, the authority lies with the Deputy Chief Commander of the Joint Forces.[21] police top officers are appointed by the Supreme Leader on the basis of the proposal of the Interior Minister of Iran, but the police force are under the Ministry of the Interior and the Secretary of the Interior is deputy commander in chief of the armed forces for Police Affairs. Law Enforcement Force also consists of several different provincial deputies. Provincial commanders rank between Colonel[22] and Brigadier General,[23] while provincial branch heads rank Colonel.[24] Branches{{Main|Iranian Police Branch Insignia}}The Police-110 unit specializes in rapid-response activities in urban areas and dispersing gatherings deemed dangerous to public order. Marine police have 100 inshore patrol and 50 harbor boats. The Law Enforcement Force of Islamic Republic of Iran have a number of branches, each with specialized duties:
Branch sealsChiefs of Law Enforcement Force{{Officeholder table start| showorder = y | showimage = y | officeholder_title = Commander-in-Chief | showtermlenght = y | showparty = n | showref = n }}{{Officeholder table | order = 1 | image = | military_rank = Brigadier general | officeholder = Mohmmad Sohrabi | officeholder_sort = Sohrabi, Mohmmad | officeholder_note = | born_year = | died_year = | term_start = 1991 | term_end = 1992 | timeinoffice = {{age in years|1991|1992}} years }}{{Officeholder table | order = 2 | image = | military_rank = Brigadier general | officeholder = Reza Seyfollahi | officeholder_sort = Seyfollahi, Reza | officeholder_note = | born_year = | died_year = | term_start = 1992 | term_end = 1997 | timeinoffice = {{age in years|1992|1997}} years }}{{Officeholder table | order = 3 | image = | military_rank = Brigadier general | officeholder = Hedayat Lotfian | officeholder_sort = Lotfian, Hedayat | officeholder_note = | born_year = | died_year = | term_start = 15 February 1997 | term_end = 27 June 2000 | timeinoffice = {{age in years|1997|2|15|2000|6|27}} years }}{{Officeholder table | order = 4 | image = Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf 3.jpg | military_rank = Brigadier general | officeholder = Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf | officeholder_sort = Ghalibaf, Mohammad Bagher | officeholder_note = | born_year = 23 August 1961 | died_year = | term_start = 27 June 2000 | term_end = 4 April 2005 | timeinoffice = {{age in years|2000|6|27|2005|04|4}} years }}{{Officeholder table | order = - | image = Ali_Abdollahi.jpg | military_rank = Brigadier general | officeholder = Ali Abdollahi | officeholder_sort = Abdollahi, Ali | officeholder_note = | born_year = | died_year = | term_start = 4 April 2005 | term_end = 9 July 2005 | timeinoffice = {{age in years and months|2005|04|4|2005|06|9}} | acting = y }}{{Officeholder table | order = 5 | image = Esmail_Ahmadi-Moghaddam.jpg | military_rank = Brigadier general | officeholder = Esmail Ahmadi-Moghaddam | officeholder_sort = Ahmadi-Moghaddam, Esmail | officeholder_note = | born_year = 1961 | died_year = | term_start = 9 July 2005 | term_end = 9 March 2015 | timeinoffice = {{age in years and months|2005|06|9|2015|03|09}} }}{{Officeholder table | order = 6 | image = Hossein_Ashtari_December_2016.jpg | military_rank = Brigadier general | officeholder = Hossein Ashtari | officeholder_sort = Ashtari, Hossein | officeholder_note = | born_year = 1960 | died_year = | term_start = 9 March 2015 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|2015|03|09}} }}{{Officeholder table end}} Equipment{{unreferenced section|date=May 2016}}Weapons
Cars
Motorcycles
Aircraft
See also
Notes
References1. ^{{cite news|first=|last=|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/news/2261566/%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%A5%D9%A0%D9%A0%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%84-%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85|agency=Mehr News Agency|script-title=fa: فعالیت ٥٠٠هزار نفر از پرسنل نيروي انتظامي برای تامین امنيت ايام نوروز|date=|accessdate=10 March 2015|language=Persian}} 2. ^{{cite news|first=|last=|url=http://www.ana.ir/news/19087|work= ANA News Agency|script-title=fa: اعضای سطح اول پلیس افتخاری مجوز حمل سلاح دریافت میکنند|date=|accessdate=10 March 2015|language=Persian}} 3. ^1 {{cite news|first= |last= |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/politics/122447-leader-appoints-ashtari-as-new-police-chief- |title=Leader appoints Ashtari as new police chief |date= |accessdate=10 March 2015 |language= |work=Tehran Times |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311061123/http://www.tehrantimes.com/politics/122447-leader-appoints-ashtari-as-new-police-chief- |archivedate=11 March 2015 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite news|first=|last=|url=http://www.nlai.ir/tabid/2598/mid/5853/ctl/asnad/Default.aspx?Subjectmid=5850&SubjectID=11344|script-title=fa: روز نیروی انتظامی|date=|accessdate=10 March 2015|language=Persian}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/iran/media_5837.html|title=UNICEF Iran (Islamic Republic of) – Media centre – Statement by Paul Hulshoff, UNICEF Iran Representative at the opening session of the Seminar on "Police and Justice for Children"|publisher=|accessdate=21 July 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/06/165300.htm|title=Department of Treasury and State Announce Sanctions of Iranian Security Forces for Human Rights Abuses|work=U.S. Department of State|accessdate=21 July 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html |title=The World Factbook |publisher= |accessdate=21 July 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203093100/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html |archivedate= 3 February 2012 |df= }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.irib.ir/news/iran1/item/191425-police-chief-stresses-law-enforcement-forces-good-conditions|title=Police Chief stresses law enforcement forces' good conditions|publisher=}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://multimedia.tasnimnews.com/Media/Gallery/520052|title=Photos: Photos: Iranian Police Forces|publisher=|accessdate=21 July 2015}} 10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzMo-bCrKq8C&pg=PT346&lpg=PT346&dq=%22disciplinary+force%22+iran&source=bl&ots=DfWlEox_QO&sig=2nGPA0PqGr2LwpgJi_MzFQYw9sw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ONJCVO_5IMnB7AavtYGIBQ&ved=0CFMQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22disciplinary%20force%22%20iran&f=false|title=Judicial Reform and Reorganization in 20th Century Iran|publisher=Books.google.co.uk|accessdate=22 October 2014}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.irib.ir/news/leader/item/53299-supreme-leader%E2%80%99s-remarks-on-the-day-of-disciplinary-forces|title=Supreme Leader’s Remarks on the Day of Disciplinary Forces|publisher=English.irib.ir|accessdate=22 October 2014}} 12. ^http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/060728_gulf_iran.pdf 13. ^Text used in this cited section originally came from: Iran (March 2006) profile from the Library of Congress Country Studies project. 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf|format=PDF|title=COUNTRY PROFILE: IRAN |date=May 2008|publisher=Lcweb2.loc.gov|accessdate=22 October 2014}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Ayatollah Khamenei appoints Iran new police chief|url=http://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2015/03/09/400997/Iran-Leader-appoints-new-police-chief|accessdate=8 April 2015|work=PressTV|agency=IA|date=9 March 2015}} 16. ^{{cite news|title=Tehran officials raise against public flogging|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/01/aug/1094.html|accessdate=21 April 2015|work=Payvand Iran News|date=8 August 2001}} 17. ^{{cite news|title=Film community rallies for Afghan immigrants|url=http://archive.radiozamaneh.com/english/content/film-community-rallies-afghan-immigrants|accessdate=21 April 2015|work=Radio Zamaneh|date=1 May 2012}} 18. ^{{cite news|title=Iran Report: June 16, 2003|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1342739.html|accessdate=21 April 2015|work=Radio Free Europe|date=16 June 2003}} 19. ^{{cite web|title=IRAN: ANNUAL SURVEY OF VIOLATIONS OF TRADE UNION RIGHTS (2005)|url=https://tavaana.org/en/content/iran-annual-survey-violations-trade-union-rights-2005|website=tavaana.org|accessdate=21 April 2015}} 20. ^{{cite news|title=3 Tourists Kidnapped in Iran Are Released|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/dec/29/world/fg-hostages29|accessdate=21 April 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|date=29 December 2003}} 21. ^{{cite book|title=Fulfilling Promises: A Human Rights Roadmap for Iran’s New President|date=2013|publisher=International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran|page=31|url=http://www.iranhumanrights.org/wp-content/uploads/Fulfilling-Promises-English-web.pdf|accessdate=19 April 2015}} 22. ^{{cite news|title=18 terrorists in southern Iran say they get money for operations|url=http://www.irna.ir/en/News/81464832/|accessdate=20 April 2015|agency=Islamic Republic News Agency|date=14 January 2015}} 23. ^{{cite news|title=Commander Underlines Full Security at Iran's Eastern Borders|url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930804000579|accessdate=20 April 2015|agency=Farsanews|date=26 October 2014}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=IRAN – Iranian provincial police arrest over 30 drug groups in spring|url=https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/67/675613_iran-iranian-provincial-police-arrest-over-30-drug-groups-in.html|publisher=WikiLeaks|accessdate=21 April 2015|date=11 March 2003}} 25. ^{{cite news|last1=Niayesh|first1=Umid|title=Iran, Iraq discuss cooperation on border security|url=http://en.trend.az/iran/politics/2326448.html|accessdate=17 April 2015|work=Trend|date=27 October 2014}} 26. ^{{cite news|title=Iranian police commander concedes mistakes in 2009 protests|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/09/iran-2009-green-movement-protests-law-enforcement.html|accessdate=7 April 2015|work=al-Monitor|date=2 September 2014}} 27. ^{{cite news|title=Iran police showcase latest anti-riot capabilities|url=http://www.aawsat.net/2014/10/article55337424/iran-police-showcase-latest-anti-riot-capabilities|accessdate=8 April 2015|work=Ashraq al-Awast|date=10 October 2014}} 28. ^{{cite news|title=Iran, Iraq to Boost Police Cooperation in Near Future: Police Official|url=http://www.tasnimnews.com/English/Home/Single/624517|accessdate=20 April 2015|agency=Tasnim News Agency|date=18 January 2015}} External links{{Commons category|Police of Iran}}
3 : Law enforcement in Iran|Government agencies established in 1991|1991 establishments in Iran |
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