“Layaway”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Layaway (lay-by in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa)^[1] is an agreement in which the seller reserves an item for a consumer until the consumer completes all the payments necessary to pay for that item.

Description

Rather than taking the item home and then repaying the debt on a regular schedule, as in most installment plans or hire purchases, the layaway customer does not receive the item until it is completely paid for. There is sometimes a fee associated, since the seller must "lay" the item "away" in storage until the payments are completed. Because there is little risk involved for the seller, layaway can be readily offered to those with bad credit. If the transaction is not completed, the item is returned to stock; the customer's money may be returned in whole, returned less a fee, or forfeited entirely.

The main advantage of layaway is that no interest is charged. In addition, the price is fixed, availability is guaranteed by reserving the item in stock, and an item being purchased as a gift can be kept secret.^[2] Consumers may also gain a sense of living within their means.^[3]^[2]

History

Layaway became common during the Great Depression of the 1930s.^[3] It was widely withdrawn during the 1980s,^[3] as the ubiquity of credit cards decreased its utility.^[7] Wal-Mart announced in September 2006 that it would discontinue layaway service in all its stores,^[3] citing the decrease in demand and a rise in cost of implementation.^[4] However, in September 2011, Wal-Mart resumed the service{{where?|date=October 2016}} due to the new financial difficulties imposed by the economy and the increased constraints on consumer credit.^[5] During the 2012 season, many retailers were heavily advertising their layaway service and offering it for free (or effectively free) if all conditions were met.^[6] In contrast, Kmart has been providing layaway in the United States for over forty years,^[7] and was at one time the only major national discount retailer offering the service.^[8] Other large retailers offering layaway programs include Burlington Coat Factory, Marshalls, Sears, and T.J. Maxx.^[7] Toys "R" Us used to offer layaway but went bankrupt. In Canada it is available from many businesses including local bike shops, jewellers and adventure holidays.^[9]

Variations

Online layaway allows consumers to purchase items through scheduled deductions from a checking account.^[10]^[11] Online layaway simplifies layaway for both merchant and consumer by removing the costly, time-consuming storage and bookkeeping processes. Layaways remain at the distribution center during the layaway period instead of taking up valuable retail warehouse space.^[12] Just as consumers used layaway payment plans to purchase products at brick and mortar stores in the past, they can also use layaway to pay for online products and services which serves as an alternative budgeting tool and a means to avoid debt.^[13] Products and services that have layaway offerings online vary from netbooks to home gyms and from concert tickets to layaway vacations.

Many stores offer layaway during the Christmas season, and it has been a tradition for some individuals to make holiday layaway donations, thus releasing the purchased items to the layaway participant.^[14]^[15]

There are also a few automobile layaway programs.^[16]^[17][dead link]^[18] [not related to layaway of automobiles]

Guaranteed consumer funding is a type of credit similar to layaway, which allows consumers to purchase items on a payment plan regardless of their credit history.

References

1. ^"lay-by", TheFreeDictionary.com
2. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2012/01/02/120102ta_talk_surowiecki|title=The Financial Page – Delayed Gratification|first=James|last=Surowiecki|authorlink=James Surowiecki|journal=The New Yorker|page=23|date=January 2, 2012|volume=LXXXVII|issue=42|issn=0028-792X|publisher=Condé Nast}}
3. ^¹The Economist, (Jan. 10, 2009) U.S. print edition, p. 31.
4. ^{{cite news |first=Sharia | last=Davis | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15584773 | title=Wal-Mart Stores to Cease Layaway Service|publisher=WHAG-TV|date=2006-05-22}}
5. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/business/wal-mart-to-bring-back-layaway.html |title=Wal-Mart to Bring Back Layaway for Holidays |date=2011-09-08 |first=Stephanie |last=Clifford|work=The New York Times|accessdate= 2011-12-21 }}
6. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.klewtv.com/news/consumer/Some-stores-offering-free-layaway-plans-169536456.html|publisher=KLEWTv.com |date=2012-09-13|accessdate=2012-10-06|first=Herb|last=Weisbaum|title=Some stores offering layaway for free}}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_LAYAWAY_SANTAS |title=Anonymous donors pay off Kmart layaway accounts |newspaper=AP |date=2011-12-16 |last=Beck |first=Margery |accessdate=2011-12-21 |archivedate=2011-12-21 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/646LCptMZ?url=http://hosted.ap.org/specials/bluepage.html |deadurl=yes |df= }}
8. ^¹{{cite news| url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/27297169|publisher=CNBC|date=2008-10-22 |first=Christina |last=Cheddar Berk |title= Another Kind of Holiday Nostalgia: Layaway | accessdate= 2011-12-21 }}
9. ^¹²{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/work/the-return-of-layaway/article1182895/ |title=The return of layaway |first=Dave |last=Mcginn |newspaper= The Globe and Mail |date=2009-06-15 |accessdate= 2011-12-21 |location=Toronto}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.timesfreepress.com/absolutenm/templates/life.aspx?articleid=26237&zoneid=10 |title=Digital Layaway |work=Chattanooga Times Free Press |date=2007-03-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513105455/http://www.timesfreepress.com/absolutenm/templates/life.aspx?articleid=26237&zoneid=10 |archivedate=2007-05-13 }}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://cbs2chicago.com/consumer/layaway.elayaway.shoplocal.2.594315.html |title=E-Layaways Add Convenience For Online Shoppers |publisher= CBS Chicago |date=2007-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307160309/http://cbs2chicago.com/consumer/layaway.elayaway.shoplocal.2.594315.html |archivedate=2009-03-07 |accessdate=2011-12-21 }}
12. ^¹²{{cite news |title=Layaway makes a comeback |first=Jay |last=MacDonald |publisher=BankRate.com |date=2009-09-11 |url=http://www.bankrate.com/finance/personal-finance/layaway-makes-a-comeback-1.aspx}}
13. ^{{Cite web| title = Online layaway: Old-fashioned payment system gets new digital life | url = http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/online-layaway-plans-1273.php |date=May 17, 2011 | accessdate = 2011-10-20|publisher=CreditCards.com}}
14. ^[https://finance.yahoo.com/news/anonymous-%E2%80%98layaway-angels%E2%80%99-return-to-pay-off-strangers%E2%80%99-balances-174649270.html "Anonymous ‘Layaway Angels’ Return to Pay Off Strangers’ Balances"] (Dec. 21, 2012) Yahoo! Finance
15. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2252288/Secret-Santa-calls-Walmart-gives-10-000-pay-stores-layaways.html |date=22 December 2012| location=London | work=Daily Mail | title='I'm so elated it was paid off': Secret Santa calls Walmart and gives $10,000 to pay off store's layaways|publisher=Associated Newspapers Ltd.}}
16. ^First Choice Auto Finance
17. ^USAuto Sales
18. ^"Car Pro Dealer Dubbed 'Layaway Angel' – Car Pro News" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217193230/http://www.carprousa.com/car-pro-dealer-dubbed-layaway-angel-car-pro-news |date=2015-02-17 }} (Feb 20, 2013) Car Pro.

Description

History

Variations

References

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