“Lebesgue's density theorem”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Lebesgue's density theorem

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In mathematics, Lebesgue's density theorem states that for any Lebesgue measurable set , the "density" of A is 0 or 1 at almost every point in . Additionally, the "density" of A is 1 at almost every point in A. Intuitively, this means that the "edge" of A, the set of points in A whose "neighborhood" is partially in A and partially outside of A, is negligible.

Let μ be the Lebesgue measure on the Euclidean space Rⁿ and A be a Lebesgue measurable subset of Rⁿ. Define the approximate density of A in a ε-neighborhood of a point x in Rⁿ as

where B_ε denotes the closed ball of radius ε centered at x.

Lebesgue's density theorem asserts that for almost every point x of A the density

exists and is equal to 1.

In other words, for every measurable set A, the density of A is 0 or 1 almost everywhere in Rⁿ.^[1] However, it is a curious fact that if μ(A) > 0 and {{nowrap|μ(Rⁿ \\ A) > 0}}, then there are always points of Rⁿ where the density is neither 0 nor 1.

For example, given a square in the plane, the density at every point inside the square is 1, on the edges is 1/2, and at the corners is 1/4. The set of points in the plane at which the density is neither 0 nor 1 is non-empty (the square boundary), but it is negligible.

The Lebesgue density theorem is a particular case of the Lebesgue differentiation theorem.

Thus, this theorem is also true for every finite Borel measure on Rⁿ instead of Lebesgue measure, see Discussion.

References

1. ^{{cite book| last = Mattila| first = Pertti|author-link = Pertti Mattila| title = Geometry of Sets and Measures in Euclidean Spaces: Fractals and Rectifiability| year = 1999| isbn = 978-0-521-65595-8 }}

Hallard T. Croft. Three lattice-point problems of Steinhaus. Quart. J. Math. Oxford (2), 33:71-83, 1982.

{{PlanetMath attribution|id=3869|title=Lebesgue density theorem}}

2 : Theorems in measure theory|Integral calculus

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