| 词条 | Leduc 0.10 | |||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Leduc 0.10 was a research aircraft built in France, one of the world's first aircraft to fly powered solely by a ramjet.[1] Design and developmentDesigned by René Leduc in 1938, it was built at the Breguet Aviation factory after a protracted, semi-secret construction phase kept at arm's length from German occupation authorities, and was finally completed in 1947. The aircraft featured a double-walled fuselage, with the pilot controlling the aircraft from within the inner shell. The circular gap between this and the outer, cylindrical shell provided the inlet for the ramjet.[1] TestingIt could not take off unassisted (ramjets cannot produce thrust at zero airspeed and thus cannot move an aircraft from a standstill) and was therefore intended to be carried aloft by a parasite aircraft mother ship, first attempted by the four-engined AAS 01A & -B German-origin designs,[2] which were replaced later in 1953, by examples of the French-designed Sud-Est Languedoc four-engined airliner, and released at altitude. Following test flights of the AAS 01/Leduc 0.10 composite, independent unpowered gliding tests began in October 1947. After three such flights, the first powered flight from atop an AAS 01 mother ship was made on 21 April 1949 over Toulouse. Released in a shallow dive at an altitude of {{convert|3050|m|ft|abbr=on}}, the engine was tested at half power for twelve minutes, propelling the aircraft to {{convert|680|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.[1] In subsequent tests, the 0.10 reached a top speed of Mach 0.85 and demonstrated the viability of the ramjet as an aviation powerplant, with a rate of climb of {{convert|40|m/s|ft/min|abbr=on}} to {{convert|11000|m|ft}}, exceeding that of the best jet fighters of the time.[1] Of the two 0.10s originally built, one was destroyed in a crash in 1951 and the other severely damaged in another crash the following year. Both pilots survived with serious injuries. 0.11/ 0.16/ Third 0.10In addition to these, a third aircraft was built, designated 0.11 (0.16 in one[3] source). Generally similar to the 0.10, it featured a Turbomeca Marbore I turbojet on each wingtip, to provide better control during landings. This first flew on 8 February 1951, but was converted back to 0.10 standards (and thereafter referred to as Leduc 010 n°03)[3] a few months later after problems occurred, including misting of the pilot's windows, powerplant synchronization, and wing deflection caused by the turbojets.[1] The engines were replaced by inert mass balances. This aircraft flew 83 test flights,[3] and is preserved at Le Bourget. Subsequent prototypesThe larger Leduc 0.21 flew from an air launch on 16 May 1953, and the swept wing supersonic Leduc 0.22 interceptor began testing on 26 December 1956 with a SNECMA Atar turbojet before the program was terminated in 1958.[1] Specifications (0.10){{aerospecs|ref=[1] |met or eng?=met |crew=two |capacity= |length m=10.25 |length ft=33 |length in=7 |span m=10.52 |span ft=34 |span in=6 |swept m= |swept ft= |swept in= |rot number= |rot dia m= |rot dia ft= |rot dia in= |dia m= |dia ft= |dia in= |width m= |width ft= |width in= |height m= |height ft= |height in= |wing area sqm=16.0 |wing area sqft=172 |swept area sqm= |swept area sqft= |rot area sqm= |rot area sqft= |volume m3= |volume ft3= |aspect ratio= |wing profile= |empty weight kg=1,700 |empty weight lb=3,740 |gross weight kg=2,800 |gross weight lb=6,173 |lift kg= |lift lb= |eng1 number=1 |eng1 type=Leduc ramjet |eng1 kw= |eng1 hp= |eng1 kn=15.7 |eng1 lbf=3,520 |eng1 kn-ab= |eng1 lbf-ab= |eng2 number= |eng2 type= |eng2 kw= |eng2 hp= |eng2 kn= |eng2 lbf= |eng2 kn-ab= |eng2 lbf-ab= |max speed kmh=800 |max speed mph=500 |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |stall speed kmh= |stall speed mph= |range km= |range miles= |endurance h= |endurance min= |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |g limits= |roll rate= |glide ratio= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |sink rate ms= |sink rate ftmin= |armament1= |armament2= |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }} See also{{aircontent|see also= |related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists= }} Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |last=King |first=H.F. |authorlink = |title =Milestones of the Air |publisher =Jane's All the World's Aircraft Publishing Company |volume = |edition =McGraw-Hill |date =1969 |location =New York |page =113 |isbn =}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Griehl |first1=Manfred |last2=Dressel |first2=Joachim |title=Heinkel He 177 - 277 - 274 |url= |accessdate= |year=1998 |publisher=Airlife Publishing |location=Shrewsbury, UK |isbn=1-85310-364-0 |pages=207-209 }} 3. ^1 2 La saga des statoréacteurs VII. La longue marche vers un avion opérationnel (The story of ramjets VII. The long march towards an operational aeroplane) at xplanes.free.fr Accessed 24 December 2017 References
External links{{Commons category|Leduc 010}}
6 : French experimental aircraft 1940–1949|Leduc aircraft|Ramjet-powered aircraft|Breguet aircraft|Mid-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1947 |
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