| 词条 | Legislative Assembly of Tonga | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Legislative Assembly of Tonga | native_name = Fale Alea | native_name_lang = | transcription_name = | legislature = | coa_pic = Seal of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga (monochrome).svg | coa_res = | coa_alt = | foundation = | house_type = Unicameral | body = | houses = | leader1_type = | leader1 = | party1 = | election1 = | leader2_type = | leader2 = | party2 = | election2 = | leader3_type = | leader3 = | party3 = | election3 = | members = 26 members | house1 = | house2 = | structure1 = Legislative Assembly of Tonga Nov 2017.svg | structure1_res = 250px | structure1_alt = Current Structure of the Legislative Assembly of Tonga | structure2 = | structure2_res = | structure2_alt = | political_groups1 =
| political_groups2 = | committees1 = | committees2 = | joint_committees = | voting_system1 = multi-seat constituency | voting_system2 = | last_election1 = Tongan general election, 2017 | last_election2 = | previous_election1 = | previous_election2 = | session_room = | session_res = 250px | session_alt = | meeting_place = Nukuʻalofa | website = {{URL|parliament.gov.to}} | footnotes = | motto = }}{{Politics of Tonga}} The Legislative Assembly ({{lang-to|Fale Alea}}) of Tonga has 26 members in which 17 members elected by majority of the people for a 5-year term in multi-seat constituencies via the single non-transferable vote system. There are 9 members elected by the 33 hereditary nobles of Tonga. The Assembly is controlled by the speaker of the House who is elected by majority of the elected members of Parliament and constitutionally appointed by the king. HistoryA Legislative Assembly providing for representation of nobles and commoners was established in 1862 by King George Tupou I.[1] This body met every four years and was continued in the 1875 Constitution. Originally the Legislative Assembly consisted of all holders of noble titles, an equal number of people's representatives, the governors for Ha’apai and Vava’u, and at least four Cabinet Ministers chosen by the monarch.[2] An increase in the number of nobles from twenty to thirty saw the Assembly grow to 70 members.[3] Amendments in 1914 saw a reduction in the size of the Assembly and annual sittings. The principle of equal representation of nobles and commoners was retained.[4] In April 2010 the Legislative Assembly enacted a package of political reforms, increasing the number of people's representatives from nine to seventeen,[5] with ten seats for Tongatapu, three for Vava’u, two for Ha’apai and one each for Niuas and 'Eua.[6] The 100-year-old Tongan Parliament House was destroyed by Cyclone Gita, a Category 4 tropical cyclone that passed through the nation on 12 and 13 February 2018.[7] Speaker of the AssemblyThe Legislative Assembly is presided over by a Speaker, who is elected by the MPs at the first meeting of elected members after the general election.[8] Previously the Speaker was appointed by the monarch.[9] A complete list of the Speakers is below:[10][11]
Terms of the Tongan Legislative AssemblyUntil 2010, the government was appointed by the monarch without reference to Parliament, and there were no political parties. The last term under the old system was the 2008 Tongan Legislative Assembly. Political reform in 2010 saw the Prime Minister elected by Parliament from among its members, leading to responsible government.
OfficersSione Tekiteki is Clerk (Kalae Pule Falealea 'o Tonga) (2011–2012). Gloria Pole'o (2012–present) Legislative Procedures{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}See also
References1. ^{{cite book |title=Tonga-Somoa Handbook |author=David Stanley |publisher= |year=1999 |isbn=978-1-56691-174-0 |page=198}} 2. ^{{cite journal |title=The Quest for Constitutional Reform in Tonga |author=Ian Campbell |journal=Journal of Pacific History |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=91–104 |year=2005 |doi=10.1080/00223340500082400}} 3. ^Campbell (2005), p. 93. 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.pmo.gov.to/ourconstitution/the-contitution/our-constitution-history-english.html |author=Sione Latukefu |title=History of our Constitution |publisher=Government of Tonga |date= |accessdate=2010-03-02 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=53031 |title=Tonga Parliament enacts political reforms |publisher=Radio New Zealand International |date=2010-04-15 |accessdate=2010-04-21}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=53112 |title=Tonga parliament votes on amended boundaries |publisher=Radio New Zealand International |date=2010-04-20 |accessdate=2010-04-21}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43039931 |title=Tonga parliament building flattened by Cyclone Gita |publisher=BBC News |date=13 February 2018 }} 8. ^{{Cite web | url=https://www.parliament.gov.to/about-our-parliament/faqs | title=FAQs}} 9. ^Constitution of Tonga {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119232721/http://parliament.gov.to/constitution1.htm |date=2008-11-19 }}, s. 61 10. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.mic.gov.to/timeline-box/2458-royal-birthdays | title=Account Suspended}} 11. ^This is drawn from Member profiles on the Legislative Assembly's official website 12. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.parliament.gov.to/~parliam1/media-centre/latest-news/latest-news-in-english/221-lord-fusitu-a-passes-away | title=Lord Fusitu'a passes away}} 13. ^http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2317_05.htm 14. ^http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2317_10.htm 15. ^{{Cite web | url=https://asiapacificreport.nz/2017/12/19/tongan-parliament-elects-pohiva-as-pm-for-next-four-years/ | title=Tongan Parliament elects Pōhiva as PM for next four years | Asia Pacific Report}} External links
5 : National legislatures|Politics of Tonga|Government of Tonga|Unicameral legislatures|1862 establishments in Tonga |
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