| 词条 | Le Moule |
| 释义 |
|name = Le Moule |commune status = Commune |image = Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste au Moule 3.JPG |caption = The church of Saint-Jean-Baptiste, in Le Moule |image coat of arms = Blason ville de le moule.jpg |map = Le_Moule.png |map caption = Location of the commune (in red) within Guadeloupe |region = Guadeloupe |department = Guadeloupe |arrondissement = Pointe-à-Pitre |canton = Le Moule |INSEE = 97117 |postal code = 97160 |mayor = Gabriel Louis-Carabin |term = |intercommunality = |coordinates = {{coord|16.3306|-61.3444|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |elevation m = |elevation min m = |elevation max m = |area km2 = 82.84 |population = 22809 |population date = 2013 }} Le Moule is the sixth-largest commune in the French overseas department of Guadeloupe. It is located on the northeast side of the island of Grande-Terre. HistoryBeginning 1635 with the arrival of the French and during the 17th century, the village was called Portland. The principal part of the city was located on the actual site of Autre Bord, towards the east. During the 18th century, the city became the stronghold for colonial aristocracy and the center moved to the left bank of river Audoin. This was thanks to the development of sugar cane and for a better placement of the port on the Atlantic Ocean. A lot of important construction took place to protect and improve the city, one of which was a breakwater ("mole" in French) that gave the city its new name, Le Moule, that became Guadeloupe's main commercial port. On September 20, 1828, Le Moule received rights to export its commodities to the metropolitan France without going through Pointe à Pitre. Thus having direct contact with French territory, it became a target for the British fleet during the Napoleon war at the beginning of the 19th century. The heroic battle of 1809 remains a historic date for Guadeloupe. In practice, all sugar cane, sugar and rum produced in Grande Terre were shipped from Le Moule's port. Consequently, the city enjoyed a flourishing commerce that was further supplemented by shipments of coffee, cotton, fertilizer, coal, building material and spare parts. During the first half of the 19th century with its numerous refineries and plantations (at first about 30, then about 100), the planters lived a self-sufficient lifestyle farming sugar cane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, spices and other essential food products, thus dominating Guadeloupean economics during the 1850s. After that, they experienced many financial collapses because of failed crops, abolition of slavery, the production of better sugar in Europe and the very strict "colonial pact". Shared farming has become necessary as well as industrial modernization, and steam machines replaced traditional windmills. The sugar crises forced a new decision. In 1901, only four refineries survived: Duchassaing, Zévallos, Marly and Gardel. Le Moule's port lost its place of dominance to Pointe à Pitre, the center of commerce shifted and the city fell into solitude. The devastating cyclone of 1928 was the sounding force and the point of return for the community. The city not only rose from its ruins thanks to Mayor Charles Romana, but it also constructed new buildings: the townhouse, schools, churches, roads and parks. In 2002, Gabrielle Louis-Carabin became the mayor of Le Moule, and is also a member of the general council of Guadeloupe. Le Moule's history, the richest on the island, enabled it to maintain many remains and relics, and to develop centers of interest around them. GeographyLe Moule is on Grand-Terre Island. The island is a limestone plateau. The city extends along the north shore of the Atlantic coast, {{convert|51|km|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of Pointe-a-Pitre. The settlements in the commune of Le Moule include Boisvin, Conchou, Gardel, Guenette, Laureal, Lemercier, Mahaudiere, Palais-Sainte-Marguerite, Portland, La Rosette, Saint-Marguerite and Zevallos.{{cn|date=June 2018}} ClimateLe Moule is on the island of Guadeloupe in Caribbean, near the Equator. The town experiences warm/hot temperatures at day and cool temperatures at night. The temperature range at daytime vary between 80°F (27°C) to 84°F (29°C) between October–May & 84°F (29°C) to 90°F (32°C), sometimes above 90°F between. The heat and humidity are higher from July to October. {{Weather box|location = Le Moule (1991–2010 averages, extremes 1991–present) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 31.1 |Feb record high C = 31.8 |Mar record high C = 32.2 |Apr record high C = 32.8 |May record high C = 33.4 |Jun record high C = 33.3 |Jul record high C = 32.8 |Aug record high C = 33.4 |Sep record high C = 34.0 |Oct record high C = 33.3 |Nov record high C = 32.7 |Dec record high C = 32.3 |year record high C = 34.0 |Jan high C = 28.4 |Feb high C = 28.4 |Mar high C = 29.0 |Apr high C = 29.6 |May high C = 30.3 |Jun high C = 30.7 |Jul high C = 30.8 |Aug high C = 31.2 |Sep high C = 31.2 |Oct high C = 30.8 |Nov high C = 29.9 |Dec high C = 28.9 |year high C = 29.9 |Jan mean C = 25.1 |Feb mean C = 25.0 |Mar mean C = 25.5 |Apr mean C = 26.2 |May mean C = 27.1 |Jun mean C = 27.7 |Jul mean C = 27.8 |Aug mean C = 27.9 |Sep mean C = 27.6 |Oct mean C = 27.2 |Nov mean C = 26.5 |Dec mean C = 25.7 |year mean C = 26.6 |Jan low C = 21.9 |Feb low C = 21.6 |Mar low C = 22.0 |Apr low C = 22.8 |May low C = 23.8 |Jun low C = 24.7 |Jul low C = 24.8 |Aug low C = 24.7 |Sep low C = 24.0 |Oct low C = 23.6 |Nov low C = 23.1 |Dec low C = 22.5 |year low C = 23.3 |Jan record low C = 15.9 |Feb record low C = 15.6 |Mar record low C = 16.4 |Apr record low C = 17.1 |May record low C = 19.7 |Jun record low C = 20.6 |Jul record low C = 21.6 |Aug record low C = 21.0 |Sep record low C = 20.9 |Oct record low C = 20.0 |Nov record low C = 17.3 |Dec record low C = 15.7 |year record low C = 15.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 78.0 |Feb precipitation mm = 47.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 56.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 86.5 |May precipitation mm = 102.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 86.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 105.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 120.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 162.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 178.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 175.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 125.7 |year precipitation mm = 1326.1 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 15.3 |Feb precipitation days = 11.5 |Mar precipitation days = 10.1 |Apr precipitation days = 10.8 |May precipitation days = 11.8 |Jun precipitation days = 13.0 |Jul precipitation days = 14.8 |Aug precipitation days = 16.4 |Sep precipitation days = 16.0 |Oct precipitation days = 16.8 |Nov precipitation days = 15.2 |Dec precipitation days = 16.1 |year precipitation days = 167.7 |source 1 = Météo France[1] }} EconomyLe Moule was a sugar port in the 17th-18th centuries. Now tourism has boomed and there are some seaside resorts on nearby beaches. There are two distilleries nearby. Agriculture is predominantly spread around Le Moule with fields growing bananas, sugarcane and livestock rearing. EducationPublic preschools include:[2]
Public primary and elementary schools include:[2]
Private primary schools include:[2]
Public junior high schools include:[3]
Public senior high schools include:[3]
Private secondary schools under contract:[4]
SightsThere are an array of sights to see either in or around Le Moule. The Damoiseau Distillery is in Bellevue in the middle of a sugar cane field. Production is limited to white rum, old vintage rum and punches, all of which have received numerous awards for their quality. The Gardel Plant was built under the reconstruction plan for the agriculture sector in 1870, after the historic financial collapse. It is owned by Générale Sucrière, the world leader in the sugar refinery industry. It is the sole refinery on the main island of Guadeloupe and, consequently, a symbol. Its installation in the epicenter of sugar cane plantations affords heavy production from March to July. The Ouatibi-Tibi Archaeological Park is situated in Morel on 7 hectares of beach that run alongside the lagoon. This is a place for taking strolls, for relaxing and meditating. It is intensely rich in culture and is composed of three sites: a memorial center, an archaeological center and a recreation center. The Edgar Clerc Museum is a prehistoric pre-Columbian and Amerindian museum unique to the island. It is located west of the city. It showcases the traditions of the Tainos, Caribs, Arawaks and the Caribbean peoples through its collections of pottery and tools found at the diggings of the archaeological park in Morel. The town hall was reconstructed after the 1928 cyclone by Ali Tur (son of a high ranking government official). Its massive round forms protect it from the natural elements. In the Moulian countryside are many windmills in sugarcane fields. These were indispensable for grinning the sugar cane before the arrival of steam machines that had larger flat capacity grinners.{{clarification needed|date=February 2018|reason=What is a grinner?}} Dating back to the 18th century, some are still well maintained. The "tour des moulins" (trail of windmills) makes a pleasant route for mountain bike practice. The Church of Saint Jean Baptiste was constructed in the form of a Latin cross, a neoclassic inspiration. Since its reconstruction in 1840, it has resisted numerous cyclones. Its exceptional ventilation system preserves, wholly intact, a woody decor in pastel tones. There are many hotels and restaurants which serve French, Continental, Creole and American dishes. There are also a couple of beaches: L'Autre Bord, a sea-grape shaded beach on the way into Le Moule, and Plage des Baies, about {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}} north, which forms a shallow bay ideal for swimmers. See also
References
1. ^{{cite web| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180330013818/https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_97117012.pdf| archivedate = 29 March 2018| url = https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_97117012.pdf| title = Le Moule Gardel–Inra (971)| work = Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records| publisher = Meteo France| language = French| accessdate = 29 March 2018}} 2. ^1 2 "LISTE DES ECOLES PUBLIQUES ET PRIVEES SOUS CONTRAT." {{ill|Académie de la Guadeloupe|fr}}. Retrieved on 10 March 2018. 3. ^1 "Établissements du 2nd degré PUBLIC 2017-2018." {{ill|Académie de la Guadeloupe|fr}}. Retrieved on 10 March 2018. 4. ^"Etablissements du 2nd degré privé sous contrat 2017-2018."{{ill|Académie de la Guadeloupe|fr}}. Retrieved on 10 March 2018. External links{{commonscat}}
1 : Communes of Guadeloupe |
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