| 词条 | Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe |
| 释义 |
|name =Leopold IV |image =Princelippeleo.jpg |succession = Prince of Lippe |reign =25 October 1905 – 12 November 1918 |predecessor =Alexander |successor =Monarchy abolished |spouse = Princess Bertha of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld Princess Anna of Ysenburg and Büdingen |house =House of Lippe |father =Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld |mother =Countess Karoline of Wartensleben |birth_date = {{Birth-date| 30 May 1871}} |birth_place =Oberkassel |death_date = {{death-date and age| 30 December 1949| 30 May 1871}} |death_place =Detmold |}} Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe (Leopold Julius Bernhard Adalbert Otto Karl Gustav; 30 May 1871 – 30 December 1949) was the final sovereign of the Principality of Lippe. Succeeding to the throne in 1905 he had been governing the state since 1904 as regent. Early lifeHe was born as Count Leopold of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel, the son of Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. Leopold belonged to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe which was the most senior line of the princely house after the reigning Lippe-Detmold line. He served as an officer in the German Army until 1894, when he left to study political science at the universities of Bonn and Berlin. Ruler of LippeSince 1895, Lippe had been ruled by a regent due to the incapacity of Prince Alexander. Leopold's father had acted as regent since 1897, and following his death on 26 September 1904, Leopold assumed the regency. This was not recognized by the German Emperor William II who initially refused to legally recognize Leopold as regent as there was an issue over whether Leopold and his siblings were of legitimate rank and as such eligible for the succession. As a result, the Diet of Lippe appointed a high commission to consider the matter.[1] The regency issue was still ongoing when Prince Alexander died on 13 January 1905. Leopold was confirmed as Prince of Lippe and Alexander's successor on 25 October 1905, following a court ruling.[2] On 3 June 1911, while out motoring Leopold and his brother Prince Julius were attacked by a gang of Italian laborers who hurled a shower of missiles at the princes. Though Leopold escaped unhurt his brother received a head wound.[3] During World War I Leopold upgraded the titles of the various lines of the House of Lippe. One of the members to benefit from the granting of titles was Leopold's nephew Count Bernhard of Biesterfeld (son of Leopold's brother Bernhard) who would go on to become the Prince Consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. On 24 February 1916, Bernhard and his brother were upgraded to the title Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld with the style Serene Highness. The counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld also benefited with creations of the title Prince of Lippe-Weissenfeld with the style serene highness taking place on 24 February 1916, for Count Clemens and his descendants and again on 9 November 1918, for the other members of this line. Just three days after upgrading the titles of members of the Lippe-Weissenfeld line and following the German Empire's defeat in World War I and the subsequent revolution Leopold was forced to renounce the throne on 12 November 1918.[2] Following the end of his rule the Principality of Lippe was transformed into a Free state in the new Weimar Republic. Post abdicationAfter the rise of Nazism in Germany all three of his sons by his first wife became members of the party. His eldest son the Hereditary Prince Ernst is reported to have been the first German prince to join the party when he signed up in May 1928.[4] In addition to being pro Nazis both Hereditary Prince Ernst and Prince Chlodwig had contracted unequal marriages. So in 1947 when Leopold wrote his will, Armin, his youngest son and only child with his second wife, would succeed him as head of the House of Lippe and also become administrator of the princely family's properties such as Schloss Detmold. Thus when Leopold died in Detmold his three eldest sons were all disinherited and his youngest son Armin became head of the princely house.[5] Marriages and childrenLeopold was married to Princess Bertha of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1874–1919) on 16 August 1901 in Rotenburg. They had five children.
He was married secondly to Princess Anna of Ysenburg and Büdingen (1886–1980) on 26 April 1922 at Büdingen. From this marriage he had one son.
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe |2= 2. Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld |3= 3. Countess Karoline of Wartensleben |4= 4. Julius, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld |5= 5. Countess Adelheid of Castell-Castell |6= 6. Count Leopold of Wartensleben |7= 7. Mathilde Halbach |8= 8. Ernst I, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld |9= 9. Modeste von Unruh |10= 10. Friedrich, Count of Castell-Castell |11= 11. Princess Emilie of Hohenlohe-Langenburg |12= 12. Count Cäsar of Wartensleben |13= 13. Friederike von Gfug, Heiress of Osniszczewo |14= 14. Arnold Halbach |15= 15. Caroline Bohlen |16= 16. Karl, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld |17= 17. Countess Ferdinande of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda |18= 18. Karl Philipp von Unruh |19= 19. Elisabeth Henriette Dorothea von Kameke |20= 20. Count Friedrich Carl of Castell-Castell |21= 21. Countess Amalie of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg |22= 22. Charles Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg |23= 23. Countess Amalie Henriette of Solms-Baruth |24= 24. Count Leopold of Wartensleben |25= 25. Caroline Louise Dorothea von der Recke |26= 26. Carl Georg Friedrich von Gfug |27= 27. Johanna Juliane von Lestwitz |28= 28. Johannes Arnold Halbach |29= 29. Maria Gertrud Hilger |30= 30. Bohl Bohlen |31= 31. Johanna Magdalene Oswald }} References1. ^{{cite news | title = Lippe Principality Defies The Kaiser | publisher = New York Times | page = 9 | date = 1904-10-06 }} {{S-start}}{{S-hou|House of Lippe|30 May|1871|30 December|1949}}{{S-reg}}{{S-bef|before=Count Ernest II}}{{S-ttl|title=Regent of Lippe|years=26 September 1904 – 25 October 1905}}{{S-non|reason=End of Regency|reason2=became Prince}}{{S-bef|before=Prince Alexander}}{{S-ttl|title=Prince of Lippe|years=25 October 1905 – 12 November 1918}}{{S-non|reason=Monarchy abolished|reason2=German Revolution}}{{S-pre|}}{{S-new|loss|reason=Republic declared}}{{S-tul|title=Prince of Lippe|years=12 November 1918 – 30 December 1949}}{{S-aft|after=Prince Armin}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe}}2. ^1 {{cite book |year=1942 |publisher=Justus Perthes |edition=179th |title=Almanach de Gotha |page=76 }} 3. ^{{cite news | title = Laborers Stone Prices | publisher = New York Times | page = 4 | date = 1911-06-04 }} 4. ^{{cite book |title=Royals and the Reich: The Princes Von Hessen in Nazi Germany |last=Petropoulos|first=Jonathan |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-516133-5 |page=98 }} 5. ^{{cite journal | last = Beéche | first = Arturo E. | title = A Headless House? The Dynastic Dispute of the House of Lippe | journal = European Royal History Journal | issue = LIII | pages = 14, 15 | date = October 2006 }} 8 : 1871 births|1949 deaths|People from Düsseldorf|Regents of Germany|House of Lippe|Princes of Lippe|Grand Crosses of the House Order of the Wendish Crown|Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld |
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