| 词条 | Leptoceratopsidae |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = Late Cretaceous, {{Fossil range|83.5|66|earliest=115}} | image = Leptoceratops BW.jpg | image_caption = Restoration of Leptoceratops | taxon = Leptoceratopsidae | authority = Nopcsa, 1923 | type_species = {{extinct}}Leptoceratops gracilis | type_species_authority = Brown, 1914 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision =
}}Leptoceratopsidae is an extinct family of neoceratopsian dinosaurs from Asia and North America. They resembled, and were closely related to, other neoceratopsians, such as the families Protoceratopsidae and Ceratopsidae, but they are more primitive and generally smaller. Definitive leptoceratopsids have so far been found exclusively in the Late Cretaceous period (late Santonian - late Maastrichtian stages) of Asia and Western North America;[1] however, material referred to leptoceratopsids from the early Campanian of North Carolina and Sweden extends their geographic range into Eastern North America and Europe.[1] A possible leptoceratopsid ulna, named Serendipaceratops, has been found in Victoria, Australia. However, a 2010 study showed that it could not be confidently referred to any ornithischian family, and is considered a nomen dubium.[2] Leptoceratopsids range in age from Gryphoceratops, of the late Santonian, to Leptoceratops, right at the end of the Cretaceous in the late Maastrichtian. Gryphoceratops is the first definitive record of Santonian leptoceratopsid. It was named based on a partial left dentary from Alberta, Canada. Gryphoceratops represents the oldest known leptoceratopsid and probably the smallest adult-sized ceratopsian known from North America.[1] Leptoceratopsids are known from Eastern North America by a partial maxilla dated to the early Campanian of North Carolina, whilst the European material referred to Leptoceratopsidae consists of isolated teeth and vertebrae from the early Campanian of Sweden. The former represents the first known ceratopsian from Eastern North America, and its specialised maxillary anatomy supports the hypothesis that Appalachia was isolated from Western Europe and Laramidia for an extended period during the Late Cretaceous, resulting in an endemic Late Cretaceous fauna.[1] The shared presence of leptoceratopsids in Appalachia and Western Europe has implications for their biogeographic dispersal, suggesting the possibility that leptoceratopsids entered Appalachia through either Western Europe or Laramidia; however, it is also possible that the European leptoceratopsids also represented a distinct endemic assemblage, as the Fennoscandian Shield was also an isolated landmass during the Late Cretaceous.[3] PhylogenyLeptoceratopsidae was originally named by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás in 1923 as a subfamily Leptoceratopsinae, and its type species is Leptoceratops gracilis. Mackovicky, in 2001, defined it as a stem-based taxon and a family consisting of Leptoceratops gracilis and all species closer to Leptoceratops than to Triceratops horridus.[4] The cladogram below follows the topologies from a 2015 analysis by Yiming He, Peter J. Makovicky, Kebai Wang, Shuqing Chen, Corwin Sullivan, Fenglu Han, Xing XuMichael J. Ryan, David C. Evans, Philip J. Currie, Caleb M. Brown and Don Brinkman.[5] {{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%|label1=Ceratopsia |1={{clade |1=Yinlong |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Chaoyangsaurus |2=Xuanhuaceratops }} |2={{clade |1=Psittacosauridae |label2=Neoceratopsia |2={{clade |1=Liaoceratops |2={{clade |1=Aquilops |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Yamaceratops |2=Auroraceratops }} |2={{clade |label1=Archaeoceratopsidae |1={{clade |1=Helioceratops |2={{clade |1=Archaeoceratops oshimai |2=Archaeoceratops yujingzensis }} }} |2={{clade |1=Koreaceratops |label2=Coronosauria |2={{clade |label1=Leptoceratopsidae |1={{clade |1=Asiaceratops |2={{clade |1=Cerasinops |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Montanoceratops |2=Ischioceratops }} |2={{clade |1=Prenoceratops |2={{clade |1=Leptoceratops |2={{clade |1=Udanoceratops |2={{clade |1=Zhuchengceratops |2={{clade |1=Gryphoceratops |2=Unescoceratops }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=Graciliceratops |2={{clade |label1=Protoceratopsidae |1={{clade |1=Bagaceratops |2={{clade |1=Lamaceratops |2={{clade |1=Breviceratops |2={{clade |1=Magnirostris |2={{clade |1=Protoceratops hellenikorhinus |2=Protoceratops andrewsi }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=Ajkaceratops |2={{clade |1=Zuniceratops |2=Ceratopsidae }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:1900 till:2060 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:50 start:1900 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:10 start:1900 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:1900s value:rgb(0.94,0.25,0.24) id:2000s value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.79) id:2000syears value:rgb(0.52,0.81,0.91) id:1900syears value:rgb(0.95,0.56,0.45) id:1700s value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:1700syears value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) id:1800syears value:rgb(0.95,0.98,0.11) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:1800s value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: 1900 till: 1910 color:1900syears text:00s from: 1910 till: 1920 color:1900syears text:10s from: 1920 till: 1930 color:1900syears text:20s from: 1930 till: 1940 color:1900syears text:30s from: 1940 till: 1950 color:1900syears text:40s from: 1950 till: 1960 color:1900syears text:50s from: 1960 till: 1970 color:1900syears text:60s from: 1970 till: 1980 color:1900syears text:70s from: 1980 till: 1990 color:1900syears text:80s from: 1990 till: 2000 color:1900syears text:90s from: 2000 till: 2010 color:2000syears text:00s from: 2010 till: 2020 color:2000syears text:10s from: 2020 till: 2030 color:2000syears text:20s from: 2030 till: 2040 color:2000syears text:30s from: 2040 till: 2050 color:2000syears text:40s from: 2050 till: 2060 color:2000syears text:50s bar:eratop from: 1900 till: 2000 color:1900s text:20th from: 2000 till: 2060 color:2000s text:21st PlotData= color:1900s bar:NAM1 at:1989 mark:(line,black) text:Asiaceratops color:1900s bar:NAM4 at:2007 mark:(line,black) text:Cerasinops color:1900s bar:NAM1 at:1951 mark:(line,black) text:Montanoceratops color:1900s bar:NAM3 at:2004 mark:(line,black) text:Prenoceratops color:1900s bar:NAM1 at:1914 mark:(line,black) text:Leptoceratops color:1800s bar:NAM2 at:1992 mark:(line,black) text:Udanoceratops color:1900s bar:NAM5 at:2010 mark:(line,black) text:Zhuchengceratops color:1900s bar:NAM6 at:2012 mark:(line,black) text:Gryphoceratops color:1800s bar:NAM7 at:2012 mark:(line,black) text:Unescoceratops PlotData= bar:period from: 1900 till: 1910 color:1900syears text:00s from: 1910 till: 1920 color:1900syears text:10s from: 1920 till: 1930 color:1900syears text:20s from: 1930 till: 1940 color:1900syears text:30s from: 1940 till: 1950 color:1900syears text:40s from: 1950 till: 1960 color:1900syears text:50s from: 1960 till: 1970 color:1900syears text:60s from: 1970 till: 1980 color:1900syears text:70s from: 1980 till: 1990 color:1900syears text:80s from: 1990 till: 2000 color:1900syears text:90s from: 2000 till: 2010 color:2000syears text:00s from: 2010 till: 2020 color:2000syears text:10s from: 2020 till: 2030 color:2000syears text:20s from: 2030 till: 2040 color:2000syears text:30s from: 2040 till: 2050 color:2000syears text:40s from: 2050 till: 2060 color:2000syears text:50s bar:era from: 1900 till: 2000 color:1900s text:20th from: 2000 till: 2060 color:2000s text:21st See also{{Portal|Dinosaurs}}
References1. ^1 {{Cite journal |author=Nicholas R. Longrich |date=2015 |title=A ceratopsian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America, and implications for dinosaur biogeography |journal=Cretaceous Research |volume=57 |pages=199–207 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2015.08.004 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667115300471}} {{Marginocephalia|C.}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q123245}}2. ^Agnolin, F.L., Ezcurra, M.D., Pais, D.F. and Salisbury, S.W. (2010). "A reappraisal of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaur faunas from Australia and New Zealand: Evidence for their Gondwanan affinities." Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 8(2): 257-300. 3. ^{{Cite journal |last1=Lindgren |first1=Johan |last2=Currie |first2=Philip J. |last3=Siverson |first3=Mikael |last4=Rees |first4=Jan |last5=Cederström |first5=Peter |last6=Lindgren |first6=Filip |date=2007 |title=The First Neoceratopsian Dinosaur Remains From Europe |journal=Palaeontology |volume=50 |issue=4|pages=929–937 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00690.x }} 4. ^Makovicky, P.J. 2001. A Montanoceratops cerorhynchus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) braincase from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, In: Tanke, D.H. & Carpenter, K. (Eds.). Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Pp. 243-262. 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author1=Yiming He |author2=Peter J. Makovicky |author3=Kebai Wang |author4=Shuqing Chen |author5=Corwin Sullivan |author6=Fenglu Han |author7=Xing XuMichael J. Ryan |author8=David C. Evans |author9=Philip J. Currie |author10=Caleb M. Brown |author11=Don Brinkman |year=2015 |title=A New Leptoceratopsid (Ornithischia, Ceratopsia) with a Unique Ischium from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong Province, China |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=e0144148 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0144148 |pmid=26701114 |pmc=4689537 }} 5 : Leptoceratopsids|Cretaceous dinosaurs|Dinosaurs of Asia|Dinosaurs of North America|Taxa named by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás |
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