| 词条 | Curtiss SOC Seagull | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Curtiss SOC Seagull was an American single-engined scout observation aircraft, designed by Alexander Solla of the Curtiss-Wright Corporation for the United States Navy. The aircraft served on battleships and cruisers in a seaplane configuration, being launched by catapult and recovered from a sea landing. The wings folded back against the fuselage for storage aboard ship. When based ashore or on carriers the single float was replaced by fixed wheeled landing gear. Curtiss delivered 258 SOC aircraft, in versions SOC-1 through SOC-4, beginning in 1935. The SOC-3 design was the basis of the Naval Aircraft Factory SON-1 variant, of which the NAF delivered 64 aircraft from 1940. Design and developmentThe SOC was ordered for production by the United States Navy in 1933 and first entered service in 1935. The first order was for 135 SOC-1 models, which was followed by 40 SOC-2 models for landing operations and 83 SOC-3s. A variant of the SOC-3 was built by the Naval Aircraft Factory and was known as the SON-1.[1] Operational historyThe first ship the SOC was assigned to was the light cruiser {{USS|Marblehead|CL-12|6}} in November 1935; by the end of the decade, the SOC had replaced its predecessor throughout the fleet. Production came to an end in 1938. By 1941, most battleships had transitioned to the Vought OS2U Kingfisher and cruisers were expected to replace their aging SOCs with the third generation SO3C Seamew. The SO3C, however, suffered from a weak engine and plans to adopt it as a replacement were scrapped. The SOC, despite belonging to an earlier generation, went on to execute its missions of gunfire observation and limited range scouting missions. Through the first six months of naval service, the SOC was known as the XO3C-1,[2] The designation was changed to SOC when it was decided to merge its scouting and observation roles. The SOC was not called the Seagull until 1941, when the U.S. Navy began the wholesale adoption of popular names for aircraft in addition to their alpha-numeric designations. The name 'Seagull' had earlier been given to two civil Curtiss aircraft, a Curtiss Model 18 and a Model 25, both converted Curtiss MF flying boats.[3] When operating as a seaplane, returning SOCs would land on the relatively smooth ocean surface created on the sheltered side of the vessel as it made a wide turn, after which the aircraft would be winched back onto the deck.[4] When the SOC was replaced by the OS2U Kingfisher, most remaining airframes were converted into trainers; they remained in use until 1945.[5] With the failure of the Curtiss SO3C Seamew, many SOCs in second line service were returned to frontline units starting in late 1943. They saw service aboard warships in the combat zone for the rest of World War II. This is one of the few instances in aviation history in which an older aircraft type, that was retired or sent to second line service, replaced the new aircraft type that was intended to replace it.[6] Variants
Operators
Specifications (SOC-1 floatplane){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?= plane |jet or prop?= prop |ref=War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Six: Floatplanes[15] |crew= two, pilot and observer |capacity= |payload main= |payload alt= |length main= 31 ft 5 in |length alt= 9.58 m |span main= 36 ft 0 in |span alt= 10.98 m |height main= 14 ft 9 in |height alt= 4.50 |area main= 342 ft² |area alt= 31.8 m² |airfoil= NACA 0010 (upper wing); NACA 2212 (lower wing)[16] |empty weight main= 3,788 lb |empty weight alt= 1,722 kg |loaded weight main= 5,437 lb |loaded weight alt= 2,471 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (prop)= Pratt & Whitney R-1340-18 |type of prop= single-row, nine-cylinder, air-cooled radial engine |number of props= 1 |power main= 550 hp |power alt= 410 kW |power original= |max speed main= 165 mph |max speed alt= 143 knots, 266 km/h |max speed more= at 5,000 ft (1,500 m) |cruise speed main= 133 mph |cruise speed alt= 116 knots, 214 km/h |stall speed main= 55.9 mph[16] |stall speed alt= 90 km/h |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main= 675 mi |range alt= 587 nmi, 1,086 km |ceiling main= 14,900 ft |ceiling alt= 4,540 m |climb rate main= 915 ft/min[12] |climb rate alt= 4.64 m/s |loading main= 15.9 lb/ft² |loading alt= 77.7 kg/m² |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= 0.10 hp/lb |power/mass alt= 0.17 kW/kg (9.6 lb/hp) |more performance= |guns= 1× fixed, forward firing 0.30 in (7.62 mm) Browning M2 AN and 1× flexible mounted rear-firing 0.30 in (7.62 mm) Browning M2 AN machine gun |bombs= 650 lb (295 kg) of bombs |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent||related=
|similar aircraft=
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}} References
1. ^US Navy History website 2. ^Bowers 1979, pp. 339-340. 3. ^Bowers 1979, pp. 178, 183, 627. 4. ^World War II Database/SOC Seagull {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629232608/http://ww2db.com/aircraft_spec.php?aircraft_model_id=129 |date=2016-06-29 }} 5. ^Munson 1985, p. 79. 6. ^Donald 1997, p. ?. 7. ^Bowers 1979, pp. 341, 345. 8. ^Bowers 1979, p. 342. 9. ^1 2 Swanborough and Bowers 1976, pp. 143–144. 10. ^1 Bowers 1979, p. 343. 11. ^http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/ac-usn22/s-types/soc.htm 12. ^1 2 Bowers 1979, p. 345. 13. ^Larkins 1967, p. 12. 14. ^A History of Coast Guard Aviation by Robert Scheina 15. ^Green 1962, p. 160. 16. ^1 Larkins 1967, p. 9.
External links{{commons category|Curtiss SOC Seagull}}
8 : Floatplanes|Curtiss aircraft|United States military reconnaissance aircraft 1930–1939|Naval Aircraft Factory aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Biplanes|Carrier-based aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1934 |
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