| 词条 | Les Enfers |
| 释义 |
| subject_name = Les Enfers | municipality_name = Les Enfers | municipality_type = municipality | image_photo = Les Enfers 082.JPG | image_caption = Les Enfers village | imagepath_coa = Armoiries Enfers.jpg|pixel_coa= | map = | languages = French | canton = Jura | iso-code-region = CH-JU | district = Franches-Montagnes |coordinates = {{coord|47|18|N|07|03|E|display=inline,title}} |lat_NS=N|long_EW=E | postal_code = 2875 | municipality_code = 6745 | area = 7.09 | elevation = 955|elevation_description= | population = 137|populationof=2003 | website = lesenfers.ch | mayor = Samuel Oberli|mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = Maire |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= Soubey, Montfavergier, Saint-Brais, Montfaucon, Saignelégier | twintowns = |}} Les Enfers is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. HistoryLes Enfers is first mentioned in 1330 as Au cruz des Enfers.[1] GeographyLes Enfers has an area of {{Swiss area|6745|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|6745|QUELLE}} Of this area, {{convert|3.46|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 48.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|3.41|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 47.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, {{convert|0.19|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} or 2.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and {{convert|0.03|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.4% is unproductive land.[1] Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.0%. Out of the forested land, 44.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 8.0% is used for growing crops and 25.6% is pastures and 14.8% is used for alpine pastures.[1] The municipality is located in the Franches-Montagnes district. It consists of the village of Les Enfers and the hamlet of Cerniévillers. The municipalities of Le Bémont, Les Bois, Les Breuleux, La Chaux-des-Breuleux, Les Enfers, Les Genevez, Lajoux, Montfaucon, Muriaux, Le Noirmont, Saignelégier, Saint-Brais and Soubey are considering a merger on at a date in the future into the new municipality of Franches-Montagnes.[2] Coat of armsThe municipal coat of arms is canting for the French word for Hell.[3] DemographicsLes Enfers has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-JU}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-JU|6745}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-JU}} {{as of|2008}}, 1.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[4] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 19.1%. Migration accounted for 0%, while births and deaths accounted for 11.5%.[5] Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks French (110 or 84.6%) as their first language, German is the second most common (18 or 13.8%) and English is the third (1 or 0.8%).[8] {{as of|2008}}, the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female. The population was made up of 74 Swiss men (47.4% of the population) and 2 (1.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 80 Swiss women (51.3%) and (0.0%) non-Swiss women.[6] Of the population in the municipality, 49 or about 37.7% were born in Les Enfers and lived there in 2000. There were 41 or 31.5% who were born in the same canton, while 30 or 23.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 10 or 7.7% were born outside of Switzerland.[8]{{as of|2000}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 36.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 56.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 6.9%.[5]{{as of|2000}}, there were 61 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 62 married individuals, 6 widows or widowers and 1 individual who was divorced.[7]{{as of|2000}}, there were 43 private households in the municipality, and an average of 3.0 persons per household.[5] There were 7 households that consist of only one person and 9 households with five or more people. {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 43 apartments (72.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 13 apartments (22.0%) were seasonally occupied and 3 apartments (5.1%) were empty.[8] {{as of|2009}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 12.8 new units per 1000 residents.[5] The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}, was 1.49%.[5]The historical population is given in the following chart:[9][10] Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:1020 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:290 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:60 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:12 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1818 from:start till:290 text:"290" bar:1850 from:start till:203 text:"203" bar:1860 from:start till:245 text:"245" bar:1870 from:start till:287 text:"287" bar:1880 from:start till:244 text:"244" bar:1888 from:start till:218 text:"218" bar:1900 from:start till:194 text:"194" bar:1910 from:start till:186 text:"186" bar:1920 from:start till:171 text:"171" bar:1930 from:start till:164 text:"164" bar:1941 from:start till:146 text:"146" bar:1950 from:start till:158 text:"158" bar:1960 from:start till:142 text:"142" bar:1970 from:start till:100 text:"100" bar:1980 from:start till:105 text:"105" bar:1990 from:start till:111 text:"111" bar:2000 from:start till:130 text:"130" PoliticsIn the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 29.81% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CSP (24.04%), the CVP (23.08%) and the FDP (12.5%). In the federal election, a total of 53 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 48.2%.[11] Economy{{as of|2010|In 2010}}, Les Enfers had an unemployment rate of 6.6%. {{as of|2008}}, there were 29 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 3 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 2 businesses in this sector. 7 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector.[5] There were 63 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.3% of the workforce.{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 30. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 20, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 3 of which 2 or (66.7%) were in manufacturing and 1 was in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 7. In the tertiary sector; 5 were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 1 was in the movement and storage of goods and 1 was in a hotel or restaurant.[12]{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 20 workers who commuted into the municipality and 28 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 20.0% of the workforce coming into Les Enfers are coming from outside Switzerland.[13] Of the working population, 1.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 47.6% used a private car.[5]ReligionFrom the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 95 or 73.1% were Roman Catholic, while 3 or 2.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 10 individuals (or about 7.69% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. 26 (or about 20.00% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1 individuals (or about 0.77% of the population) did not answer the question.[7] EducationIn Les Enfers about 31 or (23.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 13 or (10.0%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 13 who completed tertiary schooling, 61.5% were Swiss men, 38.5% were Swiss women.[7] The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.[14] During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 55 students attending 4 classes in the Le Bémont-Les Enfers school district. There was one kindergarten class with a total of 12 students in the municipality.[15] The municipality had 3 primary classes and 43 students.[16] There are only nine Secondary schools in the canton, so all the students from Les Enfers attend their secondary school in another municipality. {{as of|2000}}, there were 10 students in Les Enfers who came from another municipality, while 23 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[13]References1. ^1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data {{de icon}} accessed 25 March 2010 2. ^Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513185140/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html |date=13 May 2016 }} published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{de icon}} accessed 21 December 2011 3. ^Flags of the World.com {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045902/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-ju039.html |date=4 March 2016 }} accessed 5 January 2012 4. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628151016/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/onlinedb/superweb/login.html |date=28 June 2010 }} {{de icon}} accessed 19 June 2010 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=5 January 2016 }} accessed 5 January 2012 6. ^Canton Jura Statistics- Population résidante permanente au 1er janvier 2010, canton du Jura et communes {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426062717/http://www.fistat.ch/extranet/groups/public/documents/documents/4123230.pdf |date=26 April 2012 }} {{fr icon}} accessed 2 March 2011 7. ^1 2 3 4 STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409212530/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true |date=9 April 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 2 February 2011 8. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=7 September 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 9. ^1 {{HDS|2959|Les Enfers}} 10. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930162751/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true |date=30 September 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011 11. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=14 May 2015 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 May 2010 12. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=25 December 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 13. ^1 [https://archive.is/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb] {{de icon}} accessed 24 June 2010 14. ^{{Cite report |title=Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein |url= http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf |author= EDK/CDIP/IDES |year= 2010 |accessdate= 24 June 2010 }} 15. ^Effectifs de l'école enfantine 2009-2010 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414205710/http://www.jura.ch/DFCS/SEN/Ecole-jurassienne/Ecole-enfantine/Ecole-enfantine.html |date=14 April 2012 }} {{fr icon}} accessed 19 December 2011 16. ^Effectifs de l'école primaire {{fr icon}} accessed 19 December 2011 External links{{commons category}}
1 : Municipalities of the canton of Jura |
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