| 词条 | Lestidae |
| 释义 |
| image = Austrolestes cingulatus.jpg | image_caption = Female Austrolestes cingulatus | taxon = Lestidae | authority = Calvert, 1901[1] }} The Lestidae are a rather small family of cosmopolitan, large-sized, slender damselflies,[2] known commonly as the spreadwings or spread-winged damselflies.[3] The two subfamilies in Lestidae are Lestinae and Sympecmatinae. Damselflies in the Lestinae rest with their wings partly open, while those in the Sympecmatinae, the reedlings, ringtails, and winter damselflies, rest with their wings folded. The exact taxonomy of the family is disputed, with some authorities including twelve genera[4] and some eight.[5] CharacteristicsWhile most damselflies rest with their wings folded together, most members of the family Lestidae hold them at an angle away from their bodies. The pterostigma (a single dark spot in the meshwork of the leading edge near the tip of each wing) is noticeably elongated. The quadrilateral (a part of the wing venation, close to the body) has an acute angle at the end. The body has a greenish, metallic shine. The superior anal appendages, commonly called claspers (body parts of male insect for clasping the female during copulation) of male spreadwings are long and strongly curved. Breeding takes place in slow-moving or still water in stream backwaters, swamps, marshes and temporary pools. The nymphs have a long abdomen and a distinctive prementum (part of the lower lip). There is one generation per year in North American species.[6] TaxonomyGenera include:
See also{{Commons category|Lestidae}}{{Wikispecies}}
References1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/595798|title=Biologia Centrali-Americana|last=Calvert|first=P.P.|publisher=R.H. Porter|year=1901|isbn=|editor-last=Godman|editor-first=F.D.|volume=Insecta. Neuroptera (1892-1908)|location=London|pages=17–342, 342–410 [45]|chapter=Fam. Odonata|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.730|editor-last2=Salvin|editor-first2=O.}} {{Odonata|1}}{{Taxonbar | from=Q509008}}2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Dijkstra|first=K.D.B.|displayauthors=etal|year=2013|title=The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013)|url=http://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/viewFile/zootaxa.3703.1.9/4279|journal=Zootaxa|series=|volume=3703|issue=1|pages=36–45|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.9|via=}} 3. ^[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=102058 Lestidae.] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). 4. ^Davies, D. A. L. (1981). A synopsis of the extant genera of the Odonata. Soc. Int. Odonatol. 3 : i-xiv 1-59 5. ^Bridges, C.A. (1994). Catalogue of the family-group, genus-group and species-group names of the Odonata of the world, 3e éd.. Urbana, Illinois. xiv 951 pp. 6. ^{{cite book|author=John L. Capinera|title=Encyclopedia of Entomology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA1244 |year=2008 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-6242-1 |page=1244}} 11 : Lestidae|Odonata families|Odonata of Europe|Odonata of Australia|Odonata of Oceania|Odonata of Africa|Odonata of New Zealand|Odonata of North America|Taxa named by Philip Powell Calvert|Insects described in 1901|Damselflies |
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