| 词条 | Lettered olive |
| 释义 |
|name=Lettered olive |image=Oliva_sayana_02.JPG |display_parents=2 |genus=Americoliva |species=sayana |authority=(Ravenel, 1834) |synonyms={{species list |Oliva citrina |C. W. Johnson, 1911 |Oliva contoyensis |Petuch, 1988 |Oliva litterata |Lamarck, 1811 |Oliva maya |Petuch & Sargent, 1986 |Oliva sayana |Ravenel, 1834 |Strephona litterata |(Lamarck, 1811) }} |synonyms_ref=[1][2] }} The lettered olive, Americoliva sayana, is a species of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Olividae, the olive shells, olive snails, or olives.[3] It is sometimes referred to as Oliva sayana.[1] Subspecies{{As of|April 2010}}, the lettered olive contains the following accepted subspecies:[4]
DistributionThe species' range is from North Carolina to Florida, the Gulf states of North America, including Louisiana and Texas; and further south to the east coast of Mexico, including Campeche State, Yucatán State and Quintana Roo.[2][5] It may also occur in Brazil.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} HabitatThe lettered olive typically lives in near-shore waters, on shallow sand flats near inlets. The empty shell is occasionally, or sometimes commonly, washed up onto ocean beaches.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} Shell descriptionThe shell of this species can be about {{convert|6|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long (maximum reported size reaches 9.1 cm[2]). It is a smooth, shiny, cylindrical-shaped shell with a short spire. The aperture is narrow and extending almost the length of shell, continuing around the bottom and ending in a notch on the other side. The suture is V-cut and deep. The lower part of the whorl is just above where the suture extends outward and then at a sharp shoulder drops into the suture. The shell coloration can vary from cream to a greyish exterior with reddish-brown zigzag markings. The common name of this species is derived from the darker surface markings that sometimes resemble letters. Life habitsLike all olives, the lettered olive is a carnivore: it captures bivalves and small crustaceans with its foot and takes them below the sand surface to digest.[6] Its presence is sometimes detected at very low tides by the trails it leaves when it crawls below the surface on semi-exposed sand flats.[6] Females lay floating, round egg capsules that are often found in beach drift. Young are free swimming.[6] Human useColonists and early Native Americans made jewelry from these shells.[6] The lettered olive is the state shell of South Carolina.[6] References1. ^1 {{cite WoRMS |year=2018 |title=Americoliva sayana (Ravenel, 1834) |id=815494 |accessdate=2018-11-28 |db=Marine Mollusca}} {{Taxonbar|from1=Q30917728|from2=Q3168825}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lettered Olive}}2. ^1 2 Malacolog 4.1.1: Western Atlantic Mollusk Species Database. Retrieved April 2010. 3. ^{{cite web |last1=Hardy |first1=Eddie |title=Oliva (Americoliva) sayana |url=http://www.gastropods.com/2/Shell_182.shtml |website=www.gastropods.com |accessdate=2018-11-28}} 4. ^{{WRMS species|208387 |Oliva sayana Ravenel, 1834||26 April 2010}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=Observations of Americolivia sayana, Research Grade |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/observations&quality_grade=research&taxon_id=461554 |website=iNaturalist.org |accessdate=2018-11-28}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 Lettered Olive, NC Sea Grant 2 : Olividae|Gastropods described in 1834 |
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