| 词条 | Lev Mekhlis |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox officeholder |name = Lev Mekhlis Лев Ме́хлис |native_name_lang = Russian |image = Mehlis.jpg |alt = Photo of Lev Zakharovich Mekhlis |office = Minister of State Control |term_start = 19 March 1946 |term_end = 27 October 1950 |predecessor = Vasily Popov |successor = Vsevolod Merkulov |term_start1 = 6 September 1940 |term_end1 = 21 June 1941 |predecessor1 = Rosalia Zemlyachka |successor1 = Vasily Popov |office2 = Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars |term_start2 = 6 September 1940 |term_end2 = 15 May 1944 |premier2 = Joseph Stalin | office4 = Full member of the 17th, 18th Orgburo | term_start4 = 14 January 1938 | term_end4 = 16 October 1952 |birthname = Lev Zakharovich Mekhlis |birth_date = {{Birth date|1889|01|13|df=yes}} |birth_place = Odessa Russian Empire |death_date = {{Death date and age|1953|02|13|1889|01|13|df=yes}} |death_place = Moscow |restingplace = Kremlin Wall Necropolis |restingplacecoordinates = |citizenship = Soviet Union |nationality = USSR/Ukrainian |party = The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1918–53) Poale Zion (1907–11) |spouse = |partner = |relations = |children = |residence = |alma_mater = Institute of Red Professors |occupation = |profession = |cabinet = |committees = |portfolio = |religion = |signature = Lev Mehlis Signature 1937.png |signature_alt = Lev Mekhlis's signature |website = |footnotes = |blank1 = |data1 = |blank2 = |data2 = |blank3 = |data3 = |blank4 = |data4 = |blank5 = |data5 = |allegiance = |branch = |serviceyears = 1911–20, 1941–45 |rank = |unit = |commands = |battles = |awards = Order of Military Valour grade 4 }} Lev Zakharovich Mekhlis (January 13, 1889 – February 13, 1953) was a Soviet politician and high commander of the Red Army from 1937 to 1940. He was one of the main Stavka representatives during World War II who was responsible for five to seven Soviet fronts. CareerMekhlis, born in Odessa, completed six classes of Jewish commercial school. He worked as a schoolteacher from 1904 to 1911. In 1907–1910 he was a member of the Zionist workers' movement Poale Zion. In 1911 he joined the Imperial Russian Army, where he served in the second grenadier artillery brigade. In 1912 he obtained the rank of bombardier. He served in the artillery in the First World War of 1914-1918. In 1918 he joined the Communist Party and until 1920 he did political work in the Red Army (commissioner of brigade, then 46th division, group of forces). In 1921–1922 he managed administrative inspection in the People's Commissariat of Worker-Peasant Inspection (under People's Commissar (Narkom) Joseph Stalin). In 1922–1926 he served as the assistant to the secretary and the manager of the bureau of the Secretariat of the Central Committee - in effect Stalin's personal secretary. In 1926–1930 he took courses at the Communist Academy and in the Institute of Red Professors. From 1930 he was the head of the press corps Central Committee, and simultaneously a member of the editorial board, and then the editor in chief of the newspaper Pravda. In 1937–1940 he was the Commissar of Defense{{cn|date=February 2019}} and the chief of the main political administration of the Red Army. From 1939 he was a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (he had been a candidate since 1934), in 1938–1952 he was a member of the Orgburo of the Central Committee, in 1940–1941 People's Commissar of State Control (Goskontrolya). In June 1941 he was newly assigned by the chief of main political administration and the deputy of the Peoples Commissar of Defense. Mekhlis was named army commissar of the 1st rank, which corresponded to the title of General of the red Army. In 1942 he was the representative of the Stavka (headquarters) of supreme commander-in-chief at the Crimean Front, where he constantly disputed with General Dmitry Timofeyevich Kozlov. The leaders of the staff of the Front did not know whose orders to carry out – the commander's or Mekhlis’s. The commander of the North-Caucasian Front, Marshal Semyon Budyonny, also could not control Mekhlis, who had no desire to be subordinated, only recognising orders which came directly from the Stavka. Mekhlis, during a stay at the post of the representative of Stavka, was occupied by the fact that he wrote sufficiently critical reports to senior officers. After one such report Major General Tolbukhin was taken off the post of chief of staff of the front, which had carelessness in contrast the instruction of Stalin to express opinion about the need for the front considering the need for being defended. So he attempted through the Stavka to replace the front commander, Kozlov, with Konstantin Rokossovsky or Klykov. At the same time in reports to Stalin he attempted to distance himself from the failures which the Crimean Front suffered, and to lay the entire responsibility on the front commander. In regard to this, Stalin sent a telegram to Mekhlis, in which he subjected to his rigid criticism for similar behavior:
After the crushing defeat in May 1942 on the Crimean Front (of 250,000 soldiers and officers on the Crimean Front in 12 days of fighting, 162,282 people, 65% were irrecoverable losses) he was removed from the post of the deputy people's commissar of defense and the chief of the main political administration of the Red Army. He was demoted in rank two levels down to a corps commissar. In 1942–1946, he was a member of the military council of a number of armies and fronts, from December 6, 1942, he was a lieutenant general, from July 29, 1944 he was a colonel general. In 1946–1950, he was the minister of government control of the USSR. On October 27, 1950 he was discharged due to his health. He died in February 1953. His ashes were interred at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis in Red Square. Lev Mekhlis was awarded four Orders of Lenin, five other orders and numerous medals. Awards
Publications
References1. ^{{cite book|author1=Николай Викторович Стариков|author2=Дмитрий Беляев|title=Россия, Крым, история|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l84eBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA109|year=2015|publisher="Издательский дом ""Питер"""|isbn=978-5-496-01363-5|pages=109–}}
External links{{Wikiquote}}
11 : 1889 births|1953 deaths|Communist Party of the Soviet Union members|Burials at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis|Soviet Jews|Ukrainian Jews|Russian military personnel of World War I|Soviet military personnel of World War II|Recipients of the Virtuti Militari (1943–89)|Recipients of the Order of Lenin|Soviet Jews in the military |
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