| 词条 | LGBT rights in Somalia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|location_header = Somalia |image = Somali Civil War (2009-present).svg |caption = Somalia (See Somali Civil War (2009-present)) | legal_status = Illegal: Islamic Sharia Law is applied (Federal Republic of Somalia) |penalty = Up to death [1] |recognition_of_relationships = |adoption = |military = |discrimination_protections = }} Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Somalia face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. LGBT rightsOttoman EmpireIn 1858, the Ottoman Empire legalized same-sex sexual intercourse.[2] Italian East AfricaIn 1940, Italy conquered British Somaliland and annexed it into the Italian East Africa. Since same-sex sexual activity was legal in Italy since 1890, it became legal in British Somaliland. In 1941, the British reconquered British Somaliland and re-instated their sodomy laws.[2] British SomalilandPrior to independence from the British, the Indian Penal Code of 1860 was applied in British Somaliland.[2] Somali RepublicIn 1964, a new penal code came into force in the Somali Republic. The code states that "Whoever has carnal intercourse with a person of the same sex shall be punished, where the act does not constitute a more serious crime, with imprisonment from three months to three years. Where the act committed is an act of lust different from carnal intercourse, the punishment imposed shall be reduced by one-third."[2] Somali Democratic RepublicUnder Article 409 of the Somali Penal Code introduced in 1973, sexual intercourse with a person of the same sex is punishable by imprisonment from three months to three years. An "act of lust" other than sexual intercourse is punishable by a prison term of two months to two years. Under Article 410 of the Somali Penal Code, an additional security measure may accompany sentences for homosexual acts, usually coming in the form of police surveillance to prevent "re-offending".[3][4] LGBT executions are tolerated.[5] Federal Government of SomaliaHIV/AIDS preventionFamily planning services are hard to access, as is fact-based information on human sexuality. Humanitarian workers have stated that Islamic social mores often make it difficult to publicly talk about how the virus can be spread.[6] Since 1999, much of the AIDS/HIV education and care has come from international organizations such as the United Nations.[6] Despite this, Somalia has one of the lowest HIV infection rates on the continent. This is attributed to the Muslim nature of Somali society and adherence of Somalis to Islamic morals.[7] While the estimated HIV prevalence rate in Somalia in 1987 (the first case report year) was 1% of adults,[7] a more recent estimate from 2007 now places it at only 0.5% of the nation's adult population.[8] LGBT organizations{{Expand section|date=February 2017}}As of 2004, one group reportedly existed for LGBT people in Somalia.[9] Civil war{{See also|Somali Civil War (2009-present)}}In territories controlled by Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen in Somalia, the terrorist organization enacts a strict interpretation of shariah which explicitly outlaws homosexuality. The punishment for those found gulity is at a judge’s discretion and may be punished by death.[10] HIV prevalence by region
Living conditionsThe U.S. Department of State's 2010 Human Rights Report found that “sexual orientation was considered a taboo topic, and there was no public discussion of this issue in any region of the country," and that "there were no reports of societal violence or discrimination based on sexual orientation."[12] Summary table
See also{{portal|LGBT|Human rights|Somalia}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/06/2013630131245411453.html|title=Gay Somali refugees face death threats|author=Noor Ali|publisher=}} 2. ^1 LEGISLATIVE DECREE NO. 5 OF 16 December 1962 3. ^1 2 STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/486a52e40.pdf|title=Refworld – Somalia Country Assessment|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|work=Refworld}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/06/2013630131245411453.html|title=Gay Somali refugees face death threats|author=Noor Ali|publisher=}} 6. ^1 http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/somalia_2008_country_progress_report_en.pdf 7. ^1 {{cite journal |journal=Archives of Iranian Medicine |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=486-497 |url=http://ams.ac.ir/AIM/07104/0012.htm |title=Religious and Cultural Traits in HIV/AIDS Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa |date=October 2007 |accessdate=27 June 2010 |dead-url=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413173845/http://ams.ac.ir/aim/07104/0012.pdf |archivedate=13 April 2008 |last1=Velayati |first=Ali-Akbar |last2=Bakayev |first2=Valeri |display-authors=etal}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html|title=Somalia|accessdate=31 May 2009|date=14 May 2009|work=World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.glapn.org/sodomylaws/world/somalia/sonews007.htm |title=Death Hangs Over Somali Queers |publisher=sodomylaws.org |date=May 3, 2004 |accessdate=23 September 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040811193107/http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/somalia/sonews007.htm |archivedate=11 August 2004 }} 10. ^[https://76crimes.com/2016/02/16/report-somalia-too-risky-for-lgbt-people/ Report: Somalia too risky for LGBT people] 11. ^http://data.unaids.org/pub/report/2008/somalia_2008_country_progress_report_en.pdf 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://paei.state.gov/documents/organization/160144.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-05-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514181849/http://paei.state.gov/documents/organization/160144.pdf |archivedate=14 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }} External links
5 : LGBT rights by country|LGBT rights in Africa|Somalian law|Human rights in Somalia|LGBT in Somalia |
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