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词条 LGBT symbols
释义

  1. Flags

     Rainbow  Bear culture  Bisexuality  Intersex  Lesbianism  Pansexuality  Pink Jack  Transgender 

  2. Other symbols

     Ace ring  Blue feather  Calamus plant  Double-gender  Freedom rings  Green carnation  Handkerchief code  Lambda  Purple hand  Unicorns  Violets 

  3. Triangle badges of the Third Reich

  4. Gallery

     LGBT pride flags  Other 

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{short description|flags and symbols used by the LGBT community}}{{LGBT symbols}}{{LGBT sidebar|culture}}

The LGBT community has adopted certain symbols for self-identification to demonstrate unity, pride, shared values, and allegiance to one another. LGBT symbols communicate ideas, concepts, and identity both within their communities and to mainstream culture. The two most-recognized international LGBT symbols are the pink triangle and the rainbow flag. The pink triangle, employed by the Nazis in World War II as a badge of shame, was re-appropriated but retained negative connotations. The rainbow flag, previously used as a symbol of unity among all people, was adopted to be a more organic and natural replacement without any negativity attached to it.

Flags

{{Main|Pride flag}}

Rainbow

{{Main|Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)}}

Gilbert Baker designed the rainbow Pride flag for the 1978 San Francisco Gay Freedom Celebration. The flag does not depict an actual rainbow. Rather, the colors of the rainbow are displayed as horizontal stripes, with red at the top and violet at the bottom. It represents the diversity of gays and lesbians around the world. In the original eight-color version, pink stood for sexuality, red for life, orange for healing, yellow for the sun, green for nature, turquoise for art, indigo for harmony, and violet for spirit.[1] A copy of the original 20-by-30 foot, eight-color flag was remade by Baker in 2000, and was installed in the Castro district in San Francisco.[2] Another similar flag flies at The Center in New York City.{{Citation needed|date=August 2018}}

{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=60
|Gay flag 8.svg|Original eight-stripe version designed by Gilbert Baker in 1978
|Gay flag 7.svg|Version with hot pink removed due to a lack of fabric. (1978–1979)
|Gay flag.svg|Six-color version popular since 1979
}}

===Asexuality===

{{Main|Asexuality}}

The asexual pride flag consists of four horizontal stripes: black, grey, white, and purple from top to bottom.[3][4] The flag was created by AVEN user standup in August 2010, as part of a community effort to create and choose a flag.[5] The black stripe represents asexuality; the gray stripe represents gray-aces and demisexuals; the white stripe represents allies; and the purple stripe represents community.[6][7]

Bear culture

{{Main|Bear flag (gay culture)}}

Bear is an affectionate gay slang term for those in the bear communities, a subculture in the gay community and an emerging subset of the LGBT community with its own events, codes, and culture-specific identity. Bears tend to have hairy bodies and facial hair; some are heavy-set; some project an image of working-class masculinity in their grooming and appearance, though none of these are requirements or unique indicators. The bear concept can function as an identity, an affiliation, and an ideal to live up to. There is ongoing debate in bear communities about what constitutes a bear. Some state that self-identifying as a bear is the only requirement, while others argue that bears must have certain physical characteristics, such as a hairy chest and face, a large body, or a certain mode of dress and behavior.

Bears are almost always gay or bisexual men; transgender men (regardless of their sexuality) and those who shun labels for gender and sexuality are increasingly included within bear communities. The bear community has spread all over the world, with bear clubs in many countries. Bear clubs often serve as social and sexual networks for older, hairier, sometimes heavier gay and bisexual men, and members often contribute to their local gay communities through fundraising and other functions. Bear events are common in heavily gay communities.

The International Bear Brotherhood Flag was designed in 1995 by Craig Byrnes.[8]

Bisexuality

{{Main|Bisexual pride flag}}

First unveiled on 5 December 1998,[9] the bisexual pride flag was designed by Michael Page to represent and increase visibility of bisexuals in the LGBT community and society as a whole. This rectangular flag consists of a broad magenta stripe at the top, a broad stripe in blue at the bottom, and a narrower deep lavender band occupying the central fifth.

Page describes the meaning of the pink, lavender, and blue (ratio 2:1:2) flag as this: "The pink color represents sexual attraction to the same sex only (gay and lesbian). The blue represents sexual attraction to the opposite sex only (straight) and the resultant overlap color purple represents sexual attraction to both sexes (bi)."

He also describes the flag's meaning in deeper terms, stating "The key to understanding the symbolism of the Bisexual pride flag is to know that the purple pixels of color blend unnoticeably into both the pink and blue, just as in the 'real world,' where bi people blend unnoticeably into both the gay/lesbian and straight communities.[10]

The blue and pink overlapping triangle symbol represents bisexuality and bi pride. The origin of the symbol, sometimes facetiously referred to as the "biangles", is largely unknown, however the colours of bisexuality originate from this symbol: pink for attraction to women, blue for attraction to men, and lavender for attraction to both, as well as a reference to queerness.[10]

Intersex

{{Main|Intersex flag}}Intersex people are those who do not exhibit all the biological characteristics of male or female, or exhibit a combination of characteristics, at birth. Between 0.05% and 1.7% of the population is estimated to have intersex traits.[11][12]

The intersex pride flag was created by Intersex Human Rights Australia in July 2013 to create a flag "that is not derivative, but is yet firmly grounded in meaning". The organisation describes yellow and purple as "hermaphrodite" colors. The organisation describes the circle as "unbroken and unornamented, symbolising wholeness and completeness, and our potentialities. We are still fighting for bodily autonomy and genital integrity, and this symbolises the right to be who and how we want to be".[13][14][15]

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Lesbianism

Women considered asocial by the Third Reich because they did not conform to the Nazi ideal of a woman, which included homosexual females, were condemned to concentration camps and wore an inverted black triangle badge to identify them.[17][16] Some lesbians reclaimed this symbol as gay men reclaimed the pink triangle, and many lesbians also reclaimed the pink triangle although lesbians were not included in Paragraph 175 of the German criminal code.[17]

The labrys lesbian pride flag, created in 1999,[18] involves a labrys superimposed on the inverted black triangle, set against a violet hue background. The labrys was used as an ancient religious symbol[19] and for other various purposes.[20] It was adopted as a symbol of empowerment by the lesbian feminist community in the 1970s.[21][22][23]

The original lipstick lesbian flag with a red kiss superimposed on six shades of red and pink colors and a white bar in the center was introduced in a weblog in 2010.[24] It was later modified with the removal of the kiss, but the designer responsible for the bars-only version has not been identified. The lipstick flag represents "homosexual women who have a more feminine gender expression".[25]

A third lesbian pride flag design often seen at pride festivals and dyke marches is the rainbow flag with two interlocked Venus symbols.[26] None of the three designs are considered an "official" lesbian pride flag.

Pansexuality

The pansexual pride flag has been found on various Internet sites since mid-2010.[27] It has three horizontal bars that are pink, yellow and blue.[28] The pink band symbolizes women; the blue, men; and the yellow, those of a non-binary gender, such as agender, bigender or genderfluid.[27][29][10][30][31]

A "P" with the tail converted to an arrow with a cross is also sometimes used. It predates the flag and is still in use today. The cross on the "P"'s tail refers to the cross on the Venus or female symbol (♀), and the arrow refers to the arrow on the Mars or male symbol (♂).[32] While it does not technically have a name, it is sometimes colloquially referred to as "the pansexual symbol".

Pink Jack

In the United Kingdom, since 2006, the Pink Jack, a pink version of the Union Jack, has been used to represent a British LGBT identity.[33][34]

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Transgender

A transgender symbol is the Transgender Pride Flag designed by transgender woman Monica Helms in 1999,[35] which was first shown at a pride parade in Phoenix, Arizona, USA in 2000.[36] It was flown from a large public flagpole in San Francisco's Castro District beginning November 19, 2012 in commemoration of the Transgender Day of Remembrance.[36] The flag represents the transgender community and consists of five horizontal stripes: two light blue, two pink, with a white stripe in the center. Helms described the meaning of the flag as follows:

"The stripes at the top and bottom are light blue, the traditional color for baby boys. The stripes next to them are pink, the traditional color for baby girls.[36] The white stripe is for people that are nonbinary, feel that they don't have a gender."[37][38] The pattern is such that no matter which way you fly it, it is always correct, signifying us finding correctness in our lives.[36]

Philadelphia became the first county government in the U.S. to raise the transgender pride flag in 2015. It was raised at City Hall in honor of Philadelphia's 14th Annual Trans Health Conference, and remained next to the US and City of Philadelphia flags for the entirety of the conference. Then-Mayor Michael Nutter gave a speech in honor of the trans community's acceptance in Philadelphia.[39]

A symbol of the female (♀), male (♂) and Genderqueer (⚨) symbols combined around a circle (⚧) is sometimes used to represent transgender people.[40][41]

Also under the trans or transgender umbrella are all those who identify off the gender binary. There are many different identities within this category including genderqueer, two-spirit, gender fluid, third gender, and androgyny.[42]

Other symbols

In addition to major symbols of the LGBT community, symbols have been used to represent members' unity, pride, shared values, and allegiance to one another.

Ace ring

Wearing a black ring (also known as an ace ring) on the middle finger of one's right hand is a way asexual people signify their asexuality. The ring is deliberately worn in a similar manner as one would a wedding ring to symbolize asexuality. The symbol began in 2005. [43][44]

Blue feather

In the Society for Creative Anachronism, LGBT members often wear a blue feather to indicate an affiliation with Clan Blue Feather, a group of SCA members promoting the study of LGBT culture and people in the Middle Ages.[45] Because of this affiliation, blue feathers have also been used at some Renaissance Faires and Pagan events.

Calamus plant

According to some interpretations, American poet Walt Whitman used the calamus plant to represent homoerotic love.[46]

Double-gender

{{details|topic=sex and gender symbols|Gender symbol#Sociology}}

Interlocked gender symbols. Each gender symbol derives from the astronomical symbol for the planet Venus and Mars. In modern science, the singular symbol for Venus is used to represent the female sex, and singular symbol for Mars is used to represent the male sex.[47] Two interlocking female symbols (⚢) represent a lesbian or the lesbian community, and two interlocking male symbols (⚣) a gay male or the gay male community.[48][56]

The symbols first appeared in the 1970s.[49]

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Freedom rings

Freedom rings, designed by David Spada, are six aluminum rings, each in one of the colors of the rainbow flag. They were released in 1991.[50]

Symbolizing happiness and diversity, these rings are worn by themselves or as part of necklaces, bracelets, and key chains.[50]

They are sometimes referred to as "Fruit Loops".[51]

Green carnation

In 19th-century England, green indicated homosexual affiliations. Victorian gay men would often pin a green carnation on their lapel as popularized by openly gay author Oscar Wilde, who often wore one on his lapel.[52][53]

Handkerchief code

{{Main|Handkerchief code}}

In the early 20th century gay men in New York City's Caucasian professional world would often wear red neckties to signal their identity. This practice was later expanded into a system called flagging, or the hanky code.[54]

Lambda

In 1970, graphic designer Tom Doerr selected the lower-case Greek letter lambda to be the symbol of the New York chapter of the Gay Activists Alliance.[55][56] The alliance's literature states that Doerr chose the symbol specifically for its denotative meaning in the context of chemistry and physics: "a complete exchange of energy–that moment or span of time witness to absolute activity".[55] Within the STEM field, the lambda symbol is associated with the half-life parameter of exponential random variables, which describes the time it takes for a state to change.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}

The lambda became associated with Gay Liberation,[57][58] and in December 1974, it was officially declared the international symbol for gay and lesbian rights by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh, Scotland.[59] The gay rights organization Lambda Legal and the American Lambda Literary Foundation derive their names from this symbol.

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Purple hand

{{See also|Lavender Mafia}}

On October 31, 1969, sixty members of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and the Society for Individual Rights (SIR) staged a protest outside the offices of the San Francisco Examiner in response to a series of news articles disparaging LGBT people in San Francisco's gay bars and clubs.[60][61] The peaceful protest against the "homophobic editorial policies" of the Examiner turned tumultuous and were later called "Friday of the Purple Hand" and "Bloody Friday of the Purple Hand".[61][62][63][64][65] Examiner employees "dumped a bag of printers' ink from the third story window of the newspaper building onto the crowd".[61][63] Some reports state that it was a barrel of ink poured from the roof of the building.[66] The protesters "used the ink to scrawl 'Gay Power' and other slogans on the building walls" and stamp purple hand prints "throughout downtown San Francisco" resulting in "one of the most visible demonstrations of gay power".[61][63][65] According to Larry LittleJohn, then president of SIR, "At that point, the tactical squad arrived – not to get the employees who dumped the ink, but to arrest the demonstrators. Somebody could have been hurt if that ink had gotten into their eyes, but the police were knocking people to the ground."[61] The accounts of police brutality include women being thrown to the ground and protesters' teeth being knocked out.[61][67]

Inspired by Black Hand extortion methods of Camorra gangsters and the Mafia,[68] some gay and lesbian activists attempted to institute "purple hand" as a warning to stop anti-gay attacks, but with little success. In Turkey, the LGBT rights organization MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu (Purple Hand Eskişehir LGBT Formation), also bears the name of this symbol.[69]

Unicorns

Unicorns have been part of pride flags and symbols of LGBT culture in the last century, becoming prominent during the gay rights protests of the 1970s and 1980s.[70]

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Violets

Violets and their color became a special code used by lesbians and bisexual women.[71][72][73] The symbolism of the flower derives from several fragments of poems by Sappho in which she describes a lover wearing garlands or a crown with violets.[74][75] In 1926, the play La Prisonnière by Édouard Bourdet used a bouquet of violets to signify lesbian love.[76] When the play became subject to censorship, many Parisian lesbians wore violets to demonstrate solidarity with its lesbian subject matter.[77]{{clear}}

Triangle badges of the Third Reich

{{Main|Pink triangle|Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust}}

One of the oldest of these symbols is the inverted pink triangle that male homosexuals in Nazi concentration camps were required to wear on their clothing. The badge is one of several badges that internees wore to identify what kind of prisoners they were.[78] Many of the estimated 5–15,000 gay men and lesbians imprisoned in concentration camps died during the Holocaust.[79] The pink triangle was later reclaimed by gay men, as well as some lesbians, in various political movements as a symbol of personal pride and remembrance.[80][17] AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT-UP) adopted the inverted pink triangle to symbolize the "active fight back" against HIV/AIDS "rather than a passive resignation to fate."[81]

The pink triangle was used exclusively with male prisoners, as lesbians were not included under Paragraph 175, a statute which made homosexual acts between males a crime. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) stipulates that this was because women were seen as subordinate to men, and the Nazi state did not feel that homosexual women presented the same threat to masculinity as homosexual men. According to USHMM, many women were arrested and imprisoned for "asocial" behaviour, a classification applied to those who did not conform to the Nazi ideal of a woman's role: cooking, cleaning, kitchen work, child raising, and passivity. Asocial women were tagged with an inverted black triangle.[16] Many lesbians reclaimed this symbol for themselves as gay men reclaimed the pink triangle.[17]

Pink TriangleBlack TrianglePink & Yellow Triangles
The inverted pink triangle used to identify homosexual men in the concentration camps. The inverted black triangle used to mark individuals considered "asocial". The category included homosexual women, nonconformists, prostitutes, nomads, Romani, and others. The inverted pink triangle overlapping a yellow triangle was used to single out male homosexual prisoners that were Jewish.
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Gallery

LGBT pride flags

{{gallery|mode=nolines|whitebg=y|height=60
|Gay flag.svg|Gay
|Agender pride flag.svg|Agender
|Aromantic Flag.svg|Aromantic
|Asexual flag.svg|Asexual
|Bear Brotherhood flag.svg|Bear Brotherhood
|Bigender pride flag.svg|Bigender
|Bi flag.svg|Bisexual
|Demisexual Flag.svg|Demisexual
|Feather Pride Flag.gif|Feather pride
|Gay Flag of South Africa.svg|Gay pride flag of South Africa
|Genderfluidity Pride-Flag.svg|Genderfluid
|Genderqueer flag-pride.svg|Genderqueer
|Intersex flag.svg|Intersex
|Israeli Transgender Flag.svg|Israeli transgender and genderqueer
|Leather,_Latex,_and_BDSM_pride_-_Light.svg|Leather Pride flag
|Lesbian Pride rainbow flag.svg|Lesbian pride
|Lesbian pride flag.svg|Lesbian feminist
|Lipstick lesbian flag.svg|Lipstick lesbian
|Lipstick Lesbian flag without lips.svg|Lipstick lesbian (without lipstick kiss)
|Nonbinary flag.svg|Non-binary
|Pansexuality flag.svg|Pansexual
|Gay Pride flag of the United Kingdom.svg|Pink Jack
|Polysexuality Pride Flag.svg|Polysexual
|Transgender Pride flag.svg|Transgender
|Twink Pride Flag (proposed).svg|Twink
}}

Other

See also

{{Portal|LGBT|Heraldry and vexillology}}
  • LGBT slogans
  • White Knot

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://apps.carleton.edu/campus/gsc/students/ally/lgbtsymbols/ |title=Carleton College: Gender and Sexuality Center: Symbols of Pride of the LGBTQ Community |publisher=Apps.carleton.edu |date=2005-04-26 |accessdate=2012-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210045929/http://apps.carleton.edu/campus/gsc/students/ally/lgbtsymbols/ |archive-date=2012-02-10 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
2. ^{{cite web|last1=Rochman|first1=Sue|title=Rainbow flap|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CGMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16#v=onepage&q=original%20pride%20flag%20flies%20in%20the%20castro |website=The Advocate|page=16|date=June 20, 2000|accessdate=21 August 2018}}
3. ^{{cite book |last1=Bilić |first1=Bojan |last2=Kajinić |first2=Sanja |title=Intersectionality and LGBT Activist Politics: Multiple Others in Croatia and Serbia | publisher=Springer | date=2016 |pages=95–96}}
4. ^{{cite book |last1=Decker |first1=Julie |title=The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality | publisher=Skyhorse}}
5. ^{{cite web |title=The Asexuality Flag |url=http://www.asexualityarchive.com/the-asexuality-flag/ |publisher=Asexuality Archive}}
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7. ^{{cite web|last=Sobel |first=Ariel |url=https://www.advocate.com/pride/2018/6/13/complete-guide-queer-pride-flags#media-gallery-media-8 |title=The Complete Guide to Queer Pride Flags |publisher=Advocate.com |date=2018-06-13 |accessdate=2018-06-28}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bearmfg.com/history/history.html |title=Flag History |publisher=Bearmfg.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211094128/http://www.bearmfg.com/history/history.html |archive-date=2012-02-11 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biflag.com/Activism.asp |title=History, Bi Activism, Free Graphics |publisher=BiFlag.com |date=1998-12-05 |accessdate=2012-01-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204070907/http://www.biflag.com/Activism.asp | archive-date=2012-02-04 | deadurl=yes}}
10. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Petronzio|first1=Matt|title=A Storied Glossary of Iconic LGBT Flags and Symbols|url=https://mashable.com/2014/06/13/lgbt-pride-symbols/#co._PVJ5mgqY|website=Mashable|date=June 13, 2014|accessdate=17 July 2014}}
11. ^https://www.unfe.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/UNFE-Intersex.pdf
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.isna.org/faq/frequency |title=How common is intersex? | Intersex Society of North America |publisher=Isna.org |date= |accessdate=2009-08-21}}
13. ^An intersex flag, Intersex Human Rights Australia, 5 July 2013
14. ^[https://www.amnesty.org.au/features/comments/32251/ Are you male, female or intersex?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923072805/http://www.amnesty.org.au/features/comments/32251 |date=2016-09-23 }}, Amnesty International Australia, 11 July 2013
15. ^Intersex advocates address findings of Senate Committee into involuntary sterilisation {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115130147/http://gaynewsnetwork.com.au/news/intersex-advocates-address-findings-of-senate-committee-into-involuntary-sterilisation-12237.html |date=2016-01-15 }}, Gay News Network, 28 October 2013
16. ^1 {{cite web|title=Lesbians and the Third Reich|url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005478|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|accessdate=16 January 2015}}
17. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|last1=Elman|first1=R. Amy|title=Triangles and Tribulations: The Politics of Nazi Symbols|url=http://remember.org/educate/elman|website=Remember.org|access-date=2016-12-10}} (Originally published in the Journal of Homosexuality: 30 (3): 1–11, 1996, ISSN 0091-8369)
18. ^{{cite web|last=Sobel |first=Ariel |url=https://www.advocate.com/pride/2018/6/13/complete-guide-queer-pride-flags#media-gallery-media-8 |title=The Complete Guide to Queer Pride Flags |publisher=Advocate.com |date=2018-06-13 |accessdate=2018-06-28}}
19. ^{{Cite journal|last=Keller|first=Mara|date=1988|title=Eleusinian Mysteries|url=http://www.ciis.edu/Documents/Keller%20Eleusinian%20Mysteries%201988%20part2_1.pdf|journal=Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion|issue=Vol 4 No 1|page=42|doi=|pmid=|access-date=2016-06-21}}
20. ^Caterina Mavriyannaki, "La double hache dans le monde héllenique à l'âge du bronze," Revue Archéologique, New series (1983:195-228).
21. ^{{cite book|last=Cottingham|first=Laura|title=Lesbians Are So Chic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TWgbAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=26 June 2014|year=1996|publisher=Bloomsbury|isbn=9780304337217}}
22. ^{{cite book|last=Murphy|first=Timothy|title=Reader's Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FeWMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|accessdate=26 June 2014|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135942342|page=44ff.}}
23. ^{{cite web|last1=Pea|first1=Georgie|title=LABRYS Tool of Lesbian Feminism|url=http://findinglesbians.blogspot.com/2013/08/labrys-tool-of-lesbian-feminism.html|website=Finding Lesbians|date=9 August 2013|accessdate=4 August 2018}}
24. ^{{cite web|last1=McCray|first1=Natalie|title=Lipstick Lesbian Pride!!!|url=https://thislesbianlife.wordpress.com/2010/07/28/lipstick-lesbian-pride/|website=This Lesbian Life|date=July 28, 2010|accessdate=24 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119165126/https://thislesbianlife.wordpress.com/2010/07/28/lipstick-lesbian-pride/|archivedate=November 19, 2015}}
25. ^{{cite web|last1=Blaxk|first1=Natasha A.|last2=Stern|first2=Alana|title=9 Queer Pride Flags That You Probably Didn't Know About|url=https://www.theodysseyonline.com/9-queer-pride-flags-that-you-probably-didnt-know-about|website=Odyssey|date=June 22, 2016|accessdate=23 January 2019}}
26. ^{{cite web|last1=Jahshan|first1=Elias|title=Lesbian rainbow flag symbol|url=http://www.starobserver.com.au/news/national-news/queensland-news/brisbanes-international-lesbian-day-returns/128456/attachment/stock-footage-waving-rainbow-flag-with-interlocking-female-venus-signs|work=Star Observer|date=October 1, 2014|accessdate=24 January 2019}}
27. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.freedomrequireswings.com/2012/11/do-you-have-flag.html | title=Do You Have a Flag? | date=9 November 2012 | accessdate=17 July 2014}}
28. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.su.edu/event/pansexual-pride-day/ | title=Pansexual Pride Day | work=Shenandoah University | accessdate=17 July 2014}}
29. ^{{cite web | url=http://clarebayley.com/2013/06/a-field-guide-to-pride-flags/ | title=A field guide to Pride flags | date=27 June 2013 | accessdate=17 July 2014}}
30. ^{{cite web | url=http://queer.ucsc.edu/resources/sexualities.html | title=Cantú Queer Center - Sexuality Resources | accessdate=17 July 2014}}
31. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.overtherainbowshop.com/symbols.htm | title=Gay & Lesbian Pride Symbols - Common Pride Symbols and Their Meanings | accessdate=17 July 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160928022535/http://www.overtherainbowshop.com/symbols.htm | archive-date=2016-09-28 | dead-url=yes | df= }}
32. ^{{cite web | url=https://avia-viridis.neocities.org/sof/pan.html | title=Sexual Orientation Files: Pansexual | accessdate=27 June 2018}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/opinion/2005-2030.html |title=God save the queers |publisher=PinkNews.co.uk |date=2006-07-21 |accessdate=2012-01-23}}
34. ^Pink Jack (image):
35. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.advocate.com/arts-entertainment/art/2014/11/12/smithsonians-queer-collection | title=The Smithsonian's Queer Collection | publisher=The Advocate | date=12 November 2014 | accessdate=5 June 2015 | author=Fairyington, Stephanie}}
36. ^1 2 3 "Transgender Flag Flies In San Francisco's Castro District After Outrage From Activists" by Aaron Sankin, HuffingtonPost, November 20, 2012
37. ^{{cite news | url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/entry/we-have-a-navy-veteran-to-thank-for-the-transgender-pride-flag_us_5978c060e4b0e201d57a711f | title = We Have A Navy Veteran To Thank For The Transgender Pride Flag | first1 = Emma | last1 = Gray | first2 = Alanna | last2 = Vagianos | work = Huffington Post | date = July 27, 2017 | accessdate = 2017-08-31}}
38. ^{{cite news| url = https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/bransonlb/the-veteran-who-created-the-trans-pride-flag-reacts-to | title = The Veteran Who Created The Trans Pride Flag Reacts To Trump's Trans Military Ban | first = Branson | last = LB | work = Buzzfeed | date = July 26, 2017 | accessdate = 2018-08-31}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2015/06/04/philadelphia-raises-transgender-pride-flag-first-time|title=Philadelphia Raises the Transgender Pride Flag for the First Time|last=|first=|date=|access-date=|work=The Advocate}}
40. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.gendertalk.com/tg-symbol/|title=Transgender Symbol|last=|first=|date=|website=Gender talk|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
41. ^{{Cite web|url=http://transgendersociety.yolasite.com/history-of-transgender-symbolism.php|title=history of transgender symbolism|last=|first=|date=|website=transgender society|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
42. ^GENDERQUEER AND NON-BINARY IDENTITIES - Genderqueer Identities & Terminology
43. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Chasin | first1 = CJ DeLuzio | year = 2013 | title = Reconsidering Asexuality and Its Radical Potential | url = | journal = Feminist Studies | volume = 39 | issue = 2| pages = 405–426 }}
44. ^{{cite web |last1=Besanvalle |first1=James |title=Here’s a handy way to tell if someone you meet is asexual |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/handy-way-tell-someone-asexual-ace-ring/#gs.gbPp1y3w |website=Gay Star News |publisher=Gay Star News Ltd |accessdate=18 February 2019}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bluefeather.org |title=Clan Blue Feather |publisher=Bluefeather.org |date= |accessdate=2018-06-28}}
46. ^{{cite book|last=Herrero-Brasas|first= Juan A.|title=Walt Whitman's Mystical Ethics of Comradeship: Homosexuality and the Marginality of Friendship at the Crossroads of Modernity|year=2010|publisher=SUNY|isbn=978-1-4384-3011-9|page=46|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ca4FuDfH-cMC&pg=PA46}}
47. ^{{cite web|author=Melissa|title=The Origin of the Male and Female Symbols|url=http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2015/05/origin-male-female-symbols/#_edn1|website=Today I Found Out|date=May 8, 2015|accessdate=22 August 2018}}
48. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Zimmerman|editor1-first=Bonnie|title=Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures|date=2000|publisher=Garland Publishing|volume=1 (Lesbian Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia)|page=748|edition=1st|chapter=Symbols (by Christy Stevens)|isbn=0-8153-1920-7}}
49. ^1 {{cite web|title=Symbols of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Movements|url=http://www.lambda.org/symbols.htm |website=lambda.org|publisher=LAMBDA GLBT Community Services|date=December 26, 2004|accessdate=22 August 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230095156/http://www.lambda.org/symbols.htm|archivedate=December 30, 2005}}
50. ^1 {{Citation| last = Van Gelder| first = Lindsy| title = Thing; Freedom Rings| newspaper = New York Times| date = 1992-06-21| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/21/style/thing-freedom-rings.html| accessdate = 2010-07-21}}
51. ^{{cite book|last=Green|first=Jonathon|title=Cassell's Dictionary of Slang|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|date=2006|isbn=0-304-36636-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=my_ut0maeV4C&pg=PA549#PPA549,M1|accessdate=2007-11-15}}
52. ^Stetz, Margaret D. (Winter 2000). Oscar Wilde at the Movies: British Sexual Politics and The Green Carnation (1960); Biography – Volume 23, Number 1, Winter 2000, pp. 90–107. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
53. ^Curiosities of Literature by John Sutherland (2011, {{isbn|1-61608-074-4}}), pp. 73-76.
54. ^{{cite book|author=George Chauncey|title=Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890-1940|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NNHGuVdPELYC&pg=PA52|year=1994|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-02621-0|page=52}}
55. ^1 {{cite web|last=Rapp|first=Linda|title=Gay Activists Alliance|url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/gay_activists_alliance_S.pdf|website=glbtq.com|year=2004}}
56. ^{{cite web|title=1969, The Year of Gay Liberation|url=http://web-static.nypl.org/exhibitions/1969/ref/1696848.html|website=The New York Public Library|date=June 2009|accessdate=17 November 2018}}
57. ^{{cite book|last1=Goodwin|first1=Joseph P.|title=More Man Than You'll Ever Be: Gay Folklore and Acculturation in Middle America|date=1989|publisher=Indiana University Press|page=26|chapter=It Takes One to Know One|isbn=978-0253338938}}
58. ^{{cite web|last1=Rapp|first1=Linda|title=Symbols|url=http://www.glbtqarchive.com/arts/symbols_A.pdf|website=glbtq.com|date=2003}}
59. ^{{cite book|editor1-last=Haggerty|editor1-first=George E.|title=Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia (Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures, Volume II)|date=2000|publisher=Garland Publishing|location=London|page=529|edition=1|quote=OCLC Number: 750790369|isbn=0-8153-1880-4}}
60. ^{{cite book |last=Gould|first=Robert E.|title=What We Don't Know About Homosexuality|publisher=New York Times Magazine|date= 24 February 1974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA371&num=100&as_brr=0#PPA344,M1|accessdate=2008-01-01}}
61. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last=Alwood |first=Edward|title=Straight News: Gays, Lesbians, and the News Media|publisher=Columbia University|isbn=0-231-08436-6|year=1996|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA94&num=100&as_brr=0#PPA93,M1|accessdate=2008-01-01}}
62. ^{{cite book |last=Bell|first=Arthur |authorlink=Arthur Bell (journalist)|title=Has The Gay Movement Gone Establishment?|publisher=Village Voice|date= 28 March 1974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA371&num=100&as_brr=0#PPA344,M1|accessdate=2008-01-01}}
63. ^1 2 {{cite web|last=Van Buskirk |first=Jim |title=Gay Media Comes of Age |publisher=Bay Area Reporter |year=2004 |url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/san_francisco,2.html |accessdate=2008-01-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705201921/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/san_francisco%2C2.html |archivedate=2015-07-05 |df= }}
64. ^{{cite book|title=Friday of the Purple Hand|publisher=The San Francisco Free Press|date=November 15–30, 1969|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X-s3MQmEQiMC&pg=PA51|accessdate=2008-01-01}} courtesy the Gay Lesbian Historical Society.
65. ^1 {{cite web |title="Gay Power" Politics|publisher=GLBTQ, Inc.|date=30 March 2006|url=http://ebar.com/openforum/opforum.php?sec=guest_op&id=41|accessdate=2008-01-01}}
66. ^{{cite book |last=Montanarelli|first=Lisa|author2=Ann Harrison|title=Strange But True San Francisco: Tales of the City by the Bay|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=0-7627-3681-X|year=2005|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FqTS3ZCbjgC&num=100&as_brr=0|accessdate=2008-01-01}}
67. ^{{cite book|title=Newspaper Series Surprises Activists|publisher=The Advocate|date=24 April 1974|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wfHq53yNCYC&pg=PA371&num=100&as_brr=0#PPA344,M1|accessdate=2008-01-01}}
68. ^Jay Robert Nash, World Encyclopedia of Organized Crime, Da Capo Press, 1993. {{isbn|0-306-80535-9}}
69. ^{{cite web|url=http://moreleskisehir.blogspot.com |title=MorEl Eskişehir LGBTT Oluşumu |publisher=Moreleskisehir.blogspot.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-23}}
70. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/oct/15/return-of-the-unicorn-the-magical-beast-of-our-times|title=Why the unicorn has become the emblem for our times {{!}} Alice Fisher|last=Fisher|first=Alice|date=2017-10-15|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-08-19}}
71. ^{{cite book|title=The Alyson Almanac: A Treasury of Information for the Gay and Lesbian Community|date=1989|publisher=Alyson Publications|location=Boston, Massachusetts|page=100|chapter=Gay Symbols Through the Ages|isbn=0-932870-19-8}}
72. ^{{cite book|last1=Myers|first1=JoAnne|title=The A to Z of the Lesbian Liberation Movement: Still the Rage (The A to Z Guide Series, No. 73 )|date=2003|publisher=The Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|page=242|edition=1st|isbn=978-0-8108-6811-3}}
73. ^{{cite book|last1=Horak|first1=Laura|title=Girls Will Be Boys: Cross-Dressed Women, Lesbians, and American Cinema, 1908-1934|date=2016|publisher=Rutgers University Press|pages=143–144|chapter=Lesbians Take Center Stage: The Captive (1926-1928)|isbn=978-0-8135-7483-7}}
74. ^{{cite book|last1=Collecott|first1=Diana|title=H.D. and Sapphic Modernism 1910-1950|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|page=216|edition=1st|isbn=0-521-55078-5}}
75. ^{{cite book|last1=Fantham|first1=Elaine|last2=Foley|first2=Helene Peet|last3=Kampen|first3=Natalie Boymel|last4=Pomeroy|first4=Sarah B.|last5=Shapiro|first5=H. A.|title=Women in the Classical World: Image and Text|date=1994|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|page=15|edition=1st|isbn=978-0-19-506727-9}}
76. ^{{cite web|last1=Cohen-Stratyner|first1=Barbara|title=Violets and Vandamm|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/01/14/violets-vandamm|website=New York Public Library|date=January 14, 2014|accessdate=4 October 2018}}
77. ^{{cite book|last1=Sova|first1=Dawn B.|title=Banned Plays: Censorship Histories of 125 Stage Dramas|date=2004|publisher=Facts On File|pages=37–40|edition=1st|isbn=0-8160-4018-4}}
78. ^{{Cite book | last=Plant | first=Richard | year=1988 | title=The pink triangle: the Nazi war against homosexuals | edition=revised | publisher=H. Holt | isbn=978-0-8050-0600-1 | url=https://books.google.com/?id=ZKSbQbEzif8C | page=175 | postscript=. }}
79. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/hsx/ |title=Nazi Persecution of Homosexuals 1933-1945 |publisher=Ushmm.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-23 |deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119045626/http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/hsx/ |archivedate=2012-01-19 |df= }}
80. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShPyCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27#v=onepage&q=pink%20triangle|title=Holocaust Icons: Symbolizing the Shoah in History and Memory|last=Stier|first=Oren Baruch|date=2015|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813574059|language=en}}
81. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WSn7026sq_cC&pg=PA47&lpg=PA47#v=onepage&q=rather%20than%20a%20passive%20resignation%20to%20fate%20HIV|title=Gayle: The Language of Kinks and Queens : a History and Dictionary of Gay Language in South Africa|last=Cage|first=Ken|last2=Evans|first2=Moyra|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Jacana Media|isbn=9781919931494|language=en}}

External links

{{Commons category|LGBT symbols}}
  • Origin & History of Gay & Lesbian Symbols shows images of some of these symbols and offers a brief historical account of each.
{{LGBT|culture=expanded}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lgbt Symbols}}

3 : Human gender and sexuality symbols|LGBT symbols|Lists of symbols
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