| 词条 | LGOC B-type | |||
| 释义 |
| name = LGOC B-type | image = B340LA9928RearView7May2006.jpg | caption = B340, owned by the London Transport Museum; London to Brighton Run, 2006 | manufacturer = London General Omnibus Company | factory = Walthamstow, London | operator = | length = | floortype = Step entrance | doors = 1 door | engine = | transmission = | options = Various customer options }} The LGOC B-type is a model of double-decker bus that was introduced in London in 1910. It was both built and operated by the London General Omnibus Company (LGOC). Design and pre-war serviceB-type buses were built in Walthamstow and replaced the X-type bus. It had a 34 seat capacity and is often considered to be the first mass produced bus[1]. The first bus began carrying passengers in 1911.[2] By 1913 around 2500 had entered service. The B-type was designed by Frank Searle, who was chief engineer of the LGOC. It had a wooden frame, steel wheels, a worm drive and chain gearbox. Its top speed was {{convert|16|mph|abbr=out}}, which was above the legal speed limit at that time of {{convert|12|mph}}. However the vehicle could reach {{convert|30|-|35|mph}} under the right conditions.[2] B-types carried 16 passengers inside and had seats for 18 on the uncovered top deck. These outside seats were fitted with wet-weather canvas covers. Electric lighting was introduced from 1912, and headlights in 1913. Before this, it was thought that interior lighting would render the bus sufficiently visible at night.[2] World War I serviceA total of 900 of the buses were used to move troops behind the lines during World War I.[3] After initially serving without any modifications and in their red-and-white livery, they were painted khaki.[3] It was soon found that the glass windows on the lower deck were prone to breakage, mostly from contact with the men's rifles and packs. The glass was therefore removed and replaced by planks nailed to the sides of the vehicle.[4] The B-Type could carry 24 fully equipped infantrymen and their kit. Some were converted into mobile pigeon lofts to house the pigeons used for communication along the front.[2] They served until the end of the war when they were used to bring troops home.[3] Ole BillThe Imperial War Museum preserves a B-Type bus, B43, which was built by AEC in 1911 and ran on London bus routes until being purchased by the War Office in 1914.[5] B43 served in France and Belgium until 1919 when it was repurchased by the LGOC. On 14 February 1920 B43 was inspected by King George V at Buckingham Palace, becoming the first bus the monarch had ever boarded.[5]{{#tag:ref|The inspection was filmed by a newsreel cameraman for Pathe Gazette.[6]|group=nb}} During the early 1920s the bus was retired from service and preserved by the Auxiliary Omnibus Companies Association, who renamed it Ole Bill after Bruce Bairnsfather's celebrated caricature of a British soldier.[5] Ole Bill continued to appear in commemorative parades,{{#tag:ref|At least two such appearances were recorded by Pathe cameramen in 1930 and 1960.[7][8]|group=nb}} before being presented to the Imperial War Museum in April 1970.[9] GallerySee also{{Portal|Buses}}
Notes1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/vehicles/item/1981-514?&apiurl=aHR0cHM6Ly9hcGkubHRtdXNldW0uY28udWsvdmVoaWNsZXM/c2hvcnQ9MSZza2lwPTAmbGltaXQ9NDg=&searchpage= |title=B-type LGOC open top motor bus bonnet No B340 registration mark LA9928, 1911 |access-date=2018-05-23}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/OnlineResources/X20L/Themes/1/1095/ |title=Exploring 20th Century London - Buses |publisher=Museum of London |accessdate=2008-05-30 |date= |format= |work= }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Livesey |first=Jack |title=Armoured Fighting Vehicles of Would Wars I and II |year=2007 |publisher=Southwater |isbn= 978-1-84476-370-2|page=84 }} 4. ^Destination Western Front: London's Omnibuses Go To War. R. Larkin, 2010. {{ISBN|978 0 956501400}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/70000241 |author=Imperial War Museum |year=2012 |title=AEC B Type Bus (B43 Old Bill) |work=Imperial War Museum Collections Search |publisher= |accessdate=18 February 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/old-bill-king-inspects-bus |year=1920 |title=Old Bill - King Inspects Bus |accessdate=15 August 2012 |publisher=British Pathé |work=www.britishpathe.com }} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/steadily-shoulder-to-shoulder/ |year=1930 |title=Steadily... Shoulder To Shoulder|accessdate=15 August 2012 |publisher=British Pathé |work=www.britishpathe.com }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/old-bill-aka-historic-transport |year=1960 |title=Old Bill AKA Historic Transport |accessdate=15 August 2012 |publisher=British Pathé |work=www.britishpathe.com }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://archive.iwm.org.uk/server/show/nav.3213 |date= |accessdate=15 August 2012 |work=Imperial War Museum: Your History |title=Ole Bill Bus}} References{{reflist}}Further reading
3 : AEC buses|Double-decker buses|World War I vehicles of the United Kingdom |
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