| 词条 | Lightning Source |
| 释义 |
name = Lightning Source Inc. | type = Private | foundation = 1996 | location_city = LaVergne, Tennessee | location_country = USA | key_people = David Taylor, President| industry = Printing }} Lightning Source is a printer and distributor of print-on-demand books.[1] The company is a business unit of Ingram Content Group. Originally incorporated in 1996 as Lightning Print Inc., the company is headquartered in La Vergne, Tennessee. Its UK operations are based in Milton Keynes. They also have operations in Maurepas, France and Melbourne, Australia. IngramSpark is a service operated by Lightning Source to cater for the needs of independent publishers and authors. Since it launched in 2013, IngramSpark has registered more than 7 million books, with 4,000 new books added each day.[2] Espresso Book MachineThe Espresso Book Machine 2.0 is a compact ({{convert|3.8|ft|cm}} wide by {{convert|2.7|ft|cm}} deep by {{convert|4.5|ft|cm}} high) book-printing kiosk that can be installed in a bookshop or public place to print, bind and cut books on demand while the customer waits. The EBM 2.0 can download encrypted book files from Lightning Source (LS). Publishers must specifically give permission in order for their titles to be included in the scheme. The EBM project can theoretically allow faster access to LS print-on-demand books in regions where there is no existing LS plant, and where shipping times would otherwise create significant supply delays. It also allows large bookshops to offer their customers almost immediate access to a wider range of titles than could be held onsite. However, to date, uptake of the Espresso Book Machine system has been low. E-book servicesLightning Source has an e-book supply system that can serve up protected PDF copies of books from their library through a vendor's site, if a publisher chooses to participate. Although the scheme originally allowed electronic LS editions to be sold on Amazon alongside "conventional" print-on-demand editions, Amazon withdrew from the scheme. Lightning Source still offer their e-book on demand service to publishers who have a suitable vendor website, and supply eBooks to their retail partners Powells.com, Ebookmall.com, Diesel-ebooks.com, Fictionwise.com, Booksonboard.com and eBooksAboutEverything.com, but have no online retail outlet themselves to sell eBooks. In March 2010 Ingram Digital (a wholesaler part of the same group) warned its customers it might not be able to sell them e-books, as most large publishers were moving from the wholesale model (publishers offer wholesale discounts, and the final price is determined by retailers) to the agency model (publishers set the retail price and offer agents a commission, so retailers earn more by buying direct from the publisher rather than via a wholesaler).[3] This was triggered by the eBook pricing dispute between Amazon and Macmillan, and the imminent launch of the iPad.[4] However, in April 2012 the U.S. Department of Justice sued Apple, Macmillan, and others on the basis that the agency model was anti-competitive and a form of collusion used to fix the price of e-books.[5] As of April 2012, Ingram Digital was still supplying e-books via its CoreSource programme.[6] References1. ^{{cite journal |author=Dougherty WC|title=Print on Demand: What Librarians Should Know|journal=The Journal of Academic Librarianship|volume=35 |issue=2|pages=184–6|date=March 2009 |pmid= |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W50-4VNCC35-6/2/c990652b39b1fe115a30eda1dfc54ff0|doi=10.1016/j.acalib.2009.01.006}} Retrieved February 08, 2010 through ScienceDirect. 2. ^{{cite news|publisher=Old Mate Media|url=https://oldmatemedia.com/ingramspark-interview/|title=IngramSpark Interview: Answers to your Self-Publishing Questions|date=2018-03-05|accessdate=November 17, 2018|first=Kate|last=Stead}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thebigmoney.com/blogs/goodnight-gutenberg/2010/03/25/ebook-supply-chain-collapses|title=Business|website=Slate Magazine|accessdate=11 August 2017}} 4. ^Mike Shatzkin, "Apple’s disruption of the ebook market has nothing to do with the tablet", The Idea Logical Company (19 January 2010). Retrieved 25/03/2010. 5. ^Brian Braiker, [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/11/apple-accused-fixing-prices-ebooks "Apple accused by US of colluding with publishers to fix price of ebooks"], The Guardian, (11 April 2012). Retrieved 11/04/2012 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ingramcontent.com/MRKNG/2011/52432/52432Coresource.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415024835/http://www.ingramcontent.com/MRKNG/2011/52432/52432Coresource.html |archivedate=2012-04-15 |df= }} External links
6 : Book publishing companies based in Tennessee|Digital press|E-book suppliers|Ingram family|Publishing companies established in 1996|Self-publishing companies |
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