| 词条 | Ligustrum vulgare | |||||
| 释义 |
|image = Wilde liguster (Ligustrum vulgare).jpg |image_caption = Mature shrub in summer |genus = Ligustrum |species = vulgare |authority = L. }}Ligustrum vulgare (wild privet, also sometimes known as common privet or European privet) is a species of Ligustrum native to central and southern Europe, north Africa and southwestern Asia, from Ireland and southwestern Sweden south to Morocco, and east to Poland and northwestern Iran.[1][2][3][4][5] It is a semi-evergreen or deciduous shrub, growing to 3 m (rarely up to 5 m) tall. The stems are stiff, erect, with grey-brown bark spotted with small brown lenticels. The leaves are borne in decussate opposite pairs, sub-shiny green, narrow oval to lanceolate, 2–6 cm long and 0.5–1.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in mid-summer in panicles 3–6 cm long, each flower creamy-white, with a tubular base and a four-lobed corolla ('petals') 4–6 mm diameter. The flowers produce a strong, pungent fragrance that many people find unpleasant. The fruit is a small glossy black berry 6–8 mm diameter, containing one to four seeds. The berries are poisonous to humans but readily eaten by thrushes, which disperse the seeds in their droppings.[4][5][6] Plants from the warmer parts of the range show a stronger tendency to be fully evergreen; these have sometimes been treated as a separate variety Ligustrum vulgare var. italicum (Mill.) Vahl,[5] but others do not regard it as distinct.[1] In the British Isles it is the only native privet, common in hedgerows and woodlands in southern England and Wales, especially in chalk areas; it is less common in northern England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, where it only occurs as an escape from cultivation.[5][7][8] Cultivation and usesThe species was used for hedging in Elizabethan gardens in England, but was superseded by the more reliably evergreen introduction L. ovalifolium from Japan.[7] A number of cultivars have been selected, including:[5]
InvasivenessThe species is listed as invasive as an introduced plant in Australia,[9] Canada,[10] New Zealand,[11] and the United States.[12][13] It is also fully naturalised in Mexico's highlands[14] and Argentina.[15] EtymologyLigustrum means ‘binder’. It was named by Pliny and Virgil.[16]GallerySee also
References{{Commons|Ligustrum vulgare}}1. ^1 Flora Europaea: Ligustrum vulgare {{Taxonbar|from=Q1848856}}2. ^Plants for a Future: Ligustrum vulgare 3. ^{{GRIN | accessdate = 17 December 2017}} 4. ^1 Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. {{ISBN|0-340-40170-2}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 Bean, W. J. (1978). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles vol. 2: 576–577. {{ISBN|0-7195-2256-0}}. 6. ^Flora of Northwest Europe: Ligustrum vulgare{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 7. ^1 The Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Trees and Shrubs of Britain p. 52. 8. ^Flora of Northern Ireland: Ligustrum vulgare 9. ^Potential Environmental Weeds in Australia: Appendix C{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 10. ^Canadian Botanical Conservation Network: Information on Invasive Shrub and Vine Species {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827055217/http://www.rbg.ca/cbcn/en/projects/invasives/i_shrub2.html |date=2007-08-27 }} 11. ^Protecting and Restoring our Natural Heritage: Appendix one: Invasive weeds {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128124201/http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/protecting-and-restoring-our-natural-heritage-a-practical-guide/appendix-one-invasive-weeds/ |date=2015-01-28 }} 12. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/midatlantic.pdf | title=Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas, 4th Edition |last1=Swearingen |first1=Jil |last2=Reshetiloff |first2=K. |last3=Slattery |first3=B |last4=Zwicker |first4=S. | year=2010 |publisher=National Park Service and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service |page=71}} 13. ^Invasive species: European privet 14. ^Plantas medicinales. Virtudes insospechadas de plantas conocidas. 1987. Reader's Digest México S.A. de C.V. Printed by Gráficas Monte Albán S.A. de C.V. Querétaro, Mexico. {{ISBN|968-28-0099-4}} 15. ^Gavier-Pizarro, Gregorio I.; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Hoyos, Laura E.; Stewart, Susan I.; Huebner, Cynthia D.; Keuler, Nicholas S.; Radeloff, Volker C. 2012. Monitoring the invasion of an exotic tree (Ligustrum lucidum) from 1983 to 2006 with Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite data and support vector machines in Cordoba, Argentina. Remote Sensing of Environment. 122: 134-145. 16. ^Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521866453}} (hardback), {{ISBN|9780521685535}} (paperback). p 237 17 : Ligustrum|Plants described in 1753|Flora of Argentina|Flora of Canada|Flora of the United States|Flora of Australia|Flora of New Zealand|Flora of Mexico|Flora of Europe|Flora of Morocco|Flora of the Azores|Flora of the Canary Islands|Flora of Armenia|Flora of Azerbaijan|Flora of Georgia (country)|Flora of Iran|Flora of Turkey |
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