| 词条 | Liminal being |
| 释义 |
Liminal beings are naturally ambiguous, challenging the cultural networks of social classification.[3] Liminal entitiesThe cultural anthropologist Victor Turner considered that liminal entities, such as those undergoing initiation rites, often appeared in the form of monsters, so as to represent the co-presence of opposites—high/low; good/bad—in the liminal experience.[4] Liminal personas are structurally and socially invisible, having left one set of classifications and not yet entered another.[5] The social anthropologist Mary Douglas has highlighted the dangerous aspects of such liminal beings,[6] but they are also potentially beneficent. Thus we often find presiding over a ritual's liminal stage a semi-human shaman figure, or a powerful mentor with animal aspects, such as a centaur.[7] Legendary{{refimprove section|date=September 2017}}By extension, liminal beings of a mixed, hybrid nature appear regularly in myth, legend and fantasy. A legendary liminal being is a legendary creature that combines two distinct states of simultaneous existence within one physical body. This unique perspective may provide the liminal being with wisdom and the ability to instruct, making them suitable mentors, whilst also making them dangerous and uncanny. Many beings in fantasy and folklore exist in liminal states impossible in actual beings: Hybrids (two species):
Both human and spirit by blood:
Both human and vegetable:
Both alive and dead:
Both human and machine:
Both human and alien:
See also{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|
}} References1. ^"liminal", Oxford English Dictionary. Ed. J.A. Simpson and E.S.C. Weiner. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989. OED Online Oxforde 23, 2007. 2. ^{{cite book |first=Frank |last=Musgrove |title=Margins of the Mind |location= |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=1977 |isbn= |page=8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ga6tAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA8 }} 3. ^{{cite book |first=Dean A. |last=Nicholas |title=The Trickster Revisited: Deception as a Motif in the Pentateuch |location= |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2009 |isbn= |page=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z2hke4LUD4QC&pg=PA37 }} 4. ^{{cite book |first=J. C. |last=Alexander |first2=S. |last2=Seidman |title=Culture and Society |location=Cambridge |publisher= |year=1990 |isbn= |pages=147–9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fwKvaCpvyG8C&pg=PA147 }} 5. ^{{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Quartier |title=Bridging the Gaps: An Empirical Study of Catholic Funeral Rites |location= |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |year=2007 |isbn= |pages=103–4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8-Skuq5td6IC&pg=PA103 }} 6. ^{{cite book |first=Llynne |last=Hume |title=Portals: Opening Doorways to Other Realities Through the Senses |location= |publisher=Berg |year=2007 |isbn= |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWGtAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110 }} 7. ^Aniela Jaffe and Joseph Henderson, in C. G. Jung ed., [https://books.google.com/books?id=g_10NtfzVe0C Man and his Symbols] (London 1968 p. 261-2 and p. 101 8. ^1 2 [Gilmore, David D. (2012) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Monsters.html?id=zIl6uCu5Xh4C Monsters: Evil Beings, Mythical Beasts, and All Manner of Imaginary Terrors]. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 38-45] 9. ^{{cite book |first=Teresa de |last=Lauretis |title=Freud's Drive: Psychoanalysis, Literature and Film |location=Basingstoke |publisher= |year=2008 |isbn= |page=119 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TvoaAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA119 }} 10. ^{{cite book |first=Katharine |last=Briggs |authorlink=Katharine Mary Briggs |year=1976 |title=An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures |location=New York |publisher=Pantheon Books |chapter=Wizards |page=440 |isbn=0-394-73467-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4EYAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA440 }} Further reading
External links
2 : Fantasy tropes|Mythological archetypes |
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