| 词条 | Line 1 (Madrid Metro) |
| 释义 |
Line 1 of the Madrid Metro runs entirely underground from Pinar de Chamartín in the north to Valdecarros in the southeast, via Sol. Today it has 33 stations (with 60-metre-long platforms) and spans {{convert|24|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} from end to end. The line was the first metro line of the Madrid Metro, and the first metro line built in all of Spain. It originally contained only 8 stops connecting Cuatro Caminos in the north to the city center at Puerta del Sol. Line 1 marks the start of the Madrid Metro with its inauguration on October 17th, 1919 and public service beginning 14 days later on 31 October.[1] There have been various extensions to the line since it opened including the most recent northern extension to Pinar de Chamartin on 11 April 2007 and a southern extension on 16 May 2007 to Valdecarros. Line 1 is the second busiest line on the Madrid Metro, behind Line 6, with more than 7.5 million monthly trips. History1919The Line 1 was the first line of the Madrid Metro, and was inaugurated on 17 October, 1919. It was opened to the public on 31 October, 1919. It originally ran from Cuatro Caminos and Sol, containing 8 stops: Sol, Red de San Luis (now Gran Vía), Hospicio (now Tribunal), Bilbao, Chamberí, Martinez Campos (now Iglesia), Ríos Rosas, and Cuatro Caminos [2] 1920-1929The original line was extended from Sol to {{MdM|Atocha}} in 1921, from Atocha to {{MdM|Puente de Vallecas}} in 1923[3], and from Cuatro Caminos to {{MdM|Tetuán}} in 1929.[4] 1930-1969The line was expanded from Tetuán to {{MdM|Plaza de Castilla}} in 1961, and from Puente de Vallecas to {{MdM|Portazgo}} in 1962.[5] Between 1964 and 1966, station platforms were extended from 60 meters to 90 meters in order to allow 6-car trains, due to heavy increasing passenger flow. The Chamberí station had to be closed because it didn't allow platform lengthening due to its sharp curve and its closeness to Iglesia station. The old Chamberí station however is still open to the public as part of the Madrid Metro's {{MdM|Platform 0}} project and now functions primarily as a historic exhibition. 1970-presentIn recent years, the line has been extended both north and south. Firstly, in 1988 Atocha Renfe was added between the stations of Atocha and Menéndez Pelayo to serve the new long-distance rail station of Atocha. On 1 April 1994, it was extended from Portazgo to Miguel Hernández and on 4 March 1999 from Miguel Hernández to Congosto. In 2007, the line was extended to Pinar de Chamartin in two stages. First, on 30 March 2007, the line was extended from Plaza de Castilla to Chamartin, which provides interchange with Line 10 and RENFE services. The new metro complex has line 1 and in the future, line 11 on the lower level and line 10 on the upper level. On 11 April 2007 the extension to Pinar de Chamartin was completed. Here, there is interchange available to Line 4. There are two side platforms for arrivals and an island platform for departures. In May 2007, interchange to Metro Ligero 1 was available, which terminates one level higher. On 16 May 2007, the line was extended south from Congosto to Valdecarros with two intermediate stations. The line has used class 2000A stock since the summer of 2007. 2008 reopening of Chamberí stationChamberí station, after more than 40 years of abandonment, was refurbished and open in 2008 as an exhibition place to show how Metro stations were when opened in 1919. 2016 ReformsThe Line 1 was closed for reforms from 3 July 2016 to October 2016. 25 of the 33 stations were closed for a €70 million refurbishment project meant to modernize the line, the oldest in the system, and repair tunnel linings and replacing power cables. Replacement buses were offered to patrons.[6][7] MapSee also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/1919.html |title=History 1919 |access-date=5 July 2015 }} 2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/1919.html |title= History |last= |first= |date= |website=madridmetro.es |publisher=Metro de Madrid |access-date=16 November 2017 |quote= }} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/album.html?action=detail&image=1 |title=Map of the network 1925}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/album.html?action=detail&image=2 |title=Map of the network 1932}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.metromadrid.es/en/conocenos/quienes_somos/Historia/album.html?action=detail&image=5 |title=Map of the network 1964}} 6. ^{{cite news |last=Pérez-Lanzac |first=Carmen |date=4 July 2016 |title=The long journey of the Vallecanos |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2016/07/04/inenglish/1467644839_879652.html |newspaper=El País |language=English |accessdate=4 July 2016}} 7. ^{{cite news |last1=Serrato |first1=Fran |last2=García Gallo |first2=Bruno |date=1 March 2016 |title=Upcoming Madrid subway line closures set to spark travel chaos |url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2016/02/29/inenglish/1456754143_292943.html |newspaper=El País |language=English |accessdate=4 July 2016}} External links{{Commons|Madrid Metro}}{{Wikivoyage|Madrid}}
3 : Madrid Metro lines|Railway lines opened in 1919|1919 establishments in Spain |
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