词条 | Linked data |
释义 |
In computing, linked data (often capitalized as Linked Data) is a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful through semantic queries.[1] It builds upon standard Web technologies such as HTTP, RDF and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages only for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers. Part of the vision of linked data is for the internet to become a global database. Tim Berners-Lee, director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), coined the term in a 2006 design note about the Semantic Web project.[2]Linked data may also be open data, in which case it is usually described as linked open data (LOD). PrinciplesTim Berners-Lee outlined four principles of linked data in his "Linked Data" note of 2006,[2] paraphrased along the following lines: {{quote|
}} Tim Berners-Lee gave a presentation on linked data at the TED 2009 conference.[3] In it, he restated the linked data principles as three "extremely simple" rules: {{quote|
}} Components
Linked open dataLinked open data is linked data that is open data.[4][5][6] Tim Berners-Lee gives the clearest definition of linked open data in differentiation with linked data. text=Linked Open Data (LOD) is Linked Data which is released under an open license, which does not impede its reuse for free. |author=Tim Berners-Lee |title=Linked Data[2][7] }} Large linked open data sets include DBpedia and Wikidata. HistoryThe term "linked open data" has been in use since at least February 2007, when the "Linking Open Data" mailing list[8] was created.[9] The mailing list was initially hosted by the SIMILE project[10] at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Linking Open Data community projectThe goal of the W3C Semantic Web Education and Outreach group's Linking Open Data community project is to extend the Web with a data commons by publishing various open datasets as RDF on the Web and by setting RDF links between data items from different data sources. In October 2007, datasets consisted of over two billion RDF triples, which were interlinked by over two million RDF links.[12][13] By September 2011 this had grown to 31 billion RDF triples, interlinked by around 504 million RDF links. A detailed statistical breakdown was published in 2014.[14] European Union projectsThere are a number of European Union projects{{Definition|date=June 2013}} involving linked data. These include the linked open data around the clock (LATC) project,[15] the PlanetData project,[16] the DaPaaS (Data-and-Platform-as-a-Service) project,[17] and the Linked Open Data 2 (LOD2) project.[18][19][20] Data linking is one of the main goals of the EU Open Data Portal, which makes available thousands of datasets for anyone to reuse and link. Datasets
Dataset instance and class relationshipsClickable diagrams that show the individual datasets and their relationships within the DBpedia-spawned LOD cloud (as shown by the figures to the right) are available.[23][24] See also
References1. ^{{cite article| url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/271285/1/bizer-heath-berners-lee-ijswis-linked-data.pdf | title=Linked Data – The Story So Far | first1=Christian | last1=Bizer | first2=Tom | last2=Heath | first3=Tim | last3=Berners-Lee |authorlink3=Tim Berners-Lee | journal=International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems | volume=5 | number=3 | date=2009 | doi=10.4018/jswis.2009081901 }} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html |title=Linked Data |work=Design Issues |author=Tim Berners-Lee |authorlink=Tim Berners-Lee |date=2006-07-27 |publisher=W3C |accessdate=2010-12-18}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html |title=Tim Berners-Lee on the next Web}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://linkeddata.org/faq|title=Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) - Linked Data - Connect Distributed Data across the Web|publisher=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.coar-repositories.org/activities/repository-observatory/second-edition-linked-open-data/7-things-you-should-know-about-open-data/|title=COAR » 7 things you should know about…Linked Data|publisher=|access-date=2015-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118085816/https://www.coar-repositories.org/activities/repository-observatory/second-edition-linked-open-data/7-things-you-should-know-about-open-data/|archive-date=2015-11-18|dead-url=yes|df=}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://openorg.ecs.soton.ac.uk/wiki/Linked_Data_Basics_for_Techies#Open_Linked_Data|title=Linked Data Basics for Techies|publisher=}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://5stardata.info/en|title=5 Star Open Data}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-lod/|title=public-lod@w3.org Mail Archives|publisher=}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/wiki/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/NewsArchive|title=SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData/NewsArchive|publisher=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://simile.mit.edu/mail.html|title=SIMILE Project - Mailing Lists|publisher=}} 11. ^Linking open data cloud diagram 2014, by Max Schmachtenberg, Christian Bizer, Anja Jentzsch and Richard Cyganiak. http://lod-cloud.net/ 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://esw.w3.org/topic/SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData|title=SweoIG/TaskForces/CommunityProjects/LinkingOpenData - W3C Wiki|author=|date=|website=esw.w3.org|accessdate=22 March 2018}} 13. ^{{cite book |last1=Fensel |first1=Dieter |last2=Facca |first2= Federico Michele |last3=Simperl |first3=Elena |last4=Ioan |first4=Toma |title=Semantic Web Services |year=2011 |publisher=Springer|isbn=3642191924 |pages=99}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://linkeddatacatalog.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/state/|title=State of the LOD Cloud|first=|last=Max|date=|website=linkeddatacatalog.dws.informatik.uni-mannheim.de|accessdate=22 March 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://latc-project.eu/|title=Linked open data around the clock (LATC)|author=|date=|website=latc-project.eu|accessdate=22 March 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://planet-data.eu/|title=Welcome to PlanetData! - PlanetData|author=|date=|website=planet-data.eu|accessdate=22 March 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://project.dapaas.eu/|title=DaPaaS|author=|date=|website=project.dapaas.eu|accessdate=22 March 2018}} 18. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20180923144836/http://lod2.eu/ Linking Open Data 2 (LOD2)] 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://cordis.europa.eu/fetch?CALLER=PROJ_ICT&ACTION=D&CAT=PROJ&RCN=95562 |publisher=European Commission |title=CORDIS FP7 ICT Projects – LOD2 |date=2010-04-20}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://static.lod2.eu/Deliverables/LOD2_D12.5.1_Project_Fact_Sheet_Version.pdf |title=LOD2 Project Fact Sheet – Project Summary |date=2010-09-01 |accessdate=2010-12-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720164405/http://static.lod2.eu/Deliverables/LOD2_D12.5.1_Project_Fact_Sheet_Version.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-20 |df= }} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://grid.ac/stats|title=GRID Statistics|website=grid.ac/stats|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-26}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://grid.ac/pages/policies|title=GRID Policies|website=grid.ac|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-10-26}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/lod-datasets_2009-07-14.html|title=Instance relationships amongst datasets|author=|date=|website=fu-berlin.de|accessdate=22 March 2018}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://umbel.org/sites/umbel.org/lod/lod_constellation.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828103804/http://umbel.org/sites/umbel.org/lod/lod_constellation.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=28 August 2011|title=Class relationships amongst datasets|author=|date=|accessdate=22 March 2018}} Further reading{{ref begin|2}}
External links
9 : 2007 introductions|Cloud standards|Data management|Distributed computing architecture|Hypermedia|Internet terminology|Open data|World Wide Web|Semantic Web |
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