| 词条 | Linnaeus's two-toed sloth |
| 释义 |
| name = Linnaeus's two-toed sloth[1] | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [2] | image = Choloepus didactylus 2 - Buffalo Zoo.jpg | taxon = Choloepus didactylus | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) [3] | synonyms=Bradypus didactylus Linnaeus, 1758 | range_map =Linné's Two-toed Sloth area.png | range_map_caption = Linnaeus's two-toed sloth range }}Linnaeus's two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus), also known as the southern two-toed sloth, unau, or Linne's two-toed sloth is a species of sloth from South America, found in Venezuela, the Guyanas, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil north of the Amazon River. There is now evidence suggesting the species' range expands into Bolivia.[4] PhylogenySloths belong to the order Pilosa, which also includes anteaters. They belong to the super order Xenarthra, which includes the Cingulata. Xenarthra are edentate or toothless. They lack incisors and have a large reduction in number of teeth with only four to five sets remaining including canines.[5] Modern sloths are divided into two families based on the number of toes on their front feet, Megalonychidae and Bradypodidae. Linnaeus's two-toed sloth and Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni) belong to the family Megalonychidae, which included extinct ground sloths.[6] MorphologyChloepus didactylus are larger than three-toed sloths. They have longer hair, bigger eyes, and their back and front legs are more equal in length.[7] Their ears, hind feet and head are generally larger than Bradypodidae. They do however have a shorter tail.[8] Their shoulder height, the height from the shoulder blade to the tips of the claw is longer than three-toed sloths, indicating longer arms.[8]The species has relatively few teeth; it has four to five sets including canines and lacks incisors. The teeth lack enamel, consisting only of two layers ever-growing dentin.[5] Supernumerary teeth have occasionally been observed, but this has been reported in almost all mammalian orders.[5] BehaviourThis species of sloth is also known for its unique behavioural adaptions when confronted with a predator. Whilst on the ground, and vulnerable, if the Linnaeus's sloth encounters such a predator, they will rear up on their hind legs and 'run' backwards, away from the predator. This defensive behaviour, however, often results in injuries for the sloth as they cannot see where they are running, and will 'crash' into trees and other obstructions.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} ReproductionLinne's two-toed sloth has a ten-month gestation period.[9] Their inter-birth rate extends past sixteen months so there is not an overlap of young to care for.[9] There is only one offspring per litter and the young becomes independent at about a year old.[9] It takes longer for two-toed sloths to become independent. The gestation period is also longer than in three-toed sloths.[9] It has been suggested that this difference may be caused by their difference in diet.[9] EcologyC. didactylus is a solitary, nocturnal and arboreal animal, found in rainforests. The two-toed sloth falls prey to wild cats such as the ocelot and jaguar as well as large birds of prey such as the harpy and crested eagles. Predation mainly occurs when the sloth descends to the ground in order to defecate or change trees.[6] Anacondas have also been known to hunt sloths.[6] It is able to swim, making it possible to cross rivers and creeks, but maybe also making it more available to a predator like an anaconda. Two-toed sloths live in ever-wet tropical rainforests that are hot and humid. They tend to live in areas where there is a lot of vine growth so they can easily travel from tree to tree in the canopies of the forests.[6] They mainly eat leaves, but there is lacking data on the extent of their diet due to their nocturnal lifestyle and camouflage.[6] See also
References1. ^{{MSW3 Gardner|pages=101|id=11800018}} 2. ^{{IUCN2011.2|assessor=Plese, T.|assessor2=Chiarello, A.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2011|id=4777|title=Choloepus didactylus|downloaded=18 January 2012}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Linnæus|first=Carl|title=Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I|year=1758|publisher=Laurentius Salvius|location=Holmiæ|page=35|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80764#page/45/mode/1up|edition=10th|accessdate=23 November 2012|language=Latin}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|title = A Southern Extension of the Geographic Distribution of the Two-Toed Sloth, Choloepus didactylus (Xenarthra, Megalonychidae)|journal = Edentata|volume = 7|date = 2006-05-01|issn = 1413-4411|pages = 7–9|doi = 10.1896/1413-4411.7.1.7|first = Cristiano Trapé|last = Trinca|first2 = Francesca Belem Lopes|last2 = Palmeira|first3 = José|last3 = de Sousa e Silva Júnior}} 5. ^1 2 {{Cite web|title = NOTICE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF SUPERNUMERARY TEETH IN THE TWO-TOED SLOTHS Choloepus didactylus AND C. hoffmanni|url = http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45725085029|website = Mastozoología Neotropical|date = 2012-01-01|accessdate = 2015-11-20|first = Robert K.|last = McAfee|first2 = Virginia L.|last2 = Naples}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal|url = |title = Mammalian Species Choloepus didactylus|last = Adam|first = Peter J.|date = December 1999|journal = American Society of Mammalogists|doi = |pmid = |access-date = }} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Stewart|first=Melissa|title=At the Zoo: Slow and Steady Sloths|url=http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/2004/6/sloths.cfm|work=Zoogoer|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=23 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607205345/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/2004/6/sloths.cfm|archivedate=7 June 2011|date=November–December 2004}} 8. ^1 {{Cite journal|title = Body measurements on 40 species of mammals from French Guiana|journal = Journal of Zoology|date = 1999-04-01|issn = 1469-7998|pages = 419–428|volume = 247|issue = 4|doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01005.x|first = C.|last = Richard-Hansen|first2 = J.-C.|last2 = Vié|first3 = N.|last3 = Vidal|first4 = J.|last4 = Kéravec}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite journal|title = Reproductive biology and postnatal development in sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus: review with original data from the field (French Guiana) and from captivity|journal = Mammal Review|date = 2001-12-01|issn = 1365-2907|pages = 173–188|volume = 31|issue = 3–4|doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2001.00085.x|first = Erica|last = Taube|first2 = Joël|last2 = Keravec|first3 = Jean-Christophe|last3 = Vié|first4 = Jean-Marc|last4 = Duplantier}} Gallery 10 : Sloths|Mammals of Brazil|Mammals of Colombia|Mammals of French Guiana|Mammals of Guyana|Mammals of Peru|Mammals of Suriname|Mammals of Venezuela|Fauna of the Amazon|Mammals described in 1758 |
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