| 词条 | Lipstick feminism | |||
| 释义 |
Unlike early feminist campaigns that focused on the basic fundamental rights of women, starting with the Women's Suffrage Movement, lipstick feminism seeks to ascertain that women could still be feminist without ignoring or negating their femininity, particularly in terms of sexuality. During the second wave of feminism, feminists had focused solely on legal and social equality of women and refused to 'embrace' their sexuality; some even abhorred the idea of men and would often take on physical characteristics and persona that was far from what the average woman looked like, thus creating stereotypes of what feminism and feminists looked like. Lipstick feminism, on the other hand, embraces the concepts of womanhood and the female sexuality emitted from a woman's body and the need to embrace sex. Lipstick feminism also seeks to reclaim certain derogatory words and turn them into powerful tools for their cause such as the word 'slut' as seen in the SlutWalk movement. It developed in part as a response to the ideological backlash against radical varieties of second-wave feminism, with the negative stereotypes it generated of the “ugly feminist” or the “anti-sex feminist”; in part the result of the belief that the successes of second-wave feminism had made it possible to reclaim aspects of femininity that had earlier been seen as disempowering, like make-up or stilettos.[2] LanguageLinguistically, lipstick feminism proposed to semantically reclaim, for feminist usage, double-standard insult words, such as “slut”,[3] in order to eliminate the social stigma applied to a woman whose sexual behaviour was "patriarchically" interpreted to denote “immoral woman” and libertine.[4] OverviewPhilosophically, lipstick feminism proposes that a woman can be empowered — psychologically, socially, politically – by the wearing of cosmetic make up, sensually-appealing clothes, and the embrace of sexual allure for her own self-image as a confidently sexual being. The rhetoric of choice and empowerment is used to validate such overt sexual practices,[5] because they no longer represent coerced acquiescence to societally established gender roles, such as “the good girl”, “the decent woman”, “the abnegated mother”, “the virtuous sister”, et aliæ. Other feminists object that the so-called empowerment of lipstick feminism is a philosophic contradiction wherein a woman chooses to sexually objectify herself, and so ceases to be her own woman, in control neither of her self nor of her person.[3] In an ongoing debate, lipstick feminism counter-proposes that the practice of sexual allure is a form of social power in the interpersonal relations between a man and a woman, which may occur in the realms of cultural, social, and gender equality. Stiletto feminismStiletto feminism, a more ideologically radical variety of lipstick feminism, sees the postmodern use of fetish fashion as empowering;[6] and extends the argument from the acceptance of makeup, to the validity of women practicing occupations specifically predicated upon female physical beauty, such as working as a striptease dancer or as a pole dancer, as well as flashing or lesbian (girl-on-girl) exhibitionism. In popular culture
See also{{portal|Feminism}}{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
}} References1. ^R. D. Lankford, Women Singer-Songwriters in Rock (2010) p.98 2. ^Natasha Walters, Living Dolls: The Return of Sexism (2010) p. 129 3. ^1 What is Lipstick Feminism 4. ^J. Hollows/R. Mosely eds., Feminism in Popular Culture (2006) p. 84 5. ^Walters, p. 28 and p. 43 6. ^Helmut Newton and Stiletto Feminism{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 7. ^{{cite web|publisher=The West Wing Continuity Guide|title=#313 (57) "Night Five" |url=http://westwing.bewarne.com/third/57nightfive.html|accessdate=1 June 2007}} Further reading
External links
8 : Femininity|Feminist theory|Third-wave feminism|Gender|Feminist movements and ideologies|Cultural studies|Feminism and sexuality|Underground culture |
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