| 词条 | Lisa Howard (reporter) |
| 释义 |
| name = Lisa Howard | image = Lisa Howard III.JPG | image_size = 200px | birthname = Dorothy Jean Guggenheim | birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1926|04|24}} | birth_place = Cambridge, Ohio, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1965|07|04|1926|04|24}} | death_place = East Hampton, Long Island, New York, U.S. | death_cause = Barbiturate overdose | alma_mater = Miami University | occupation = Journalist, actress | years_active = 17 | nationality = American | spouse = Felix E. Feist (divorced) Walter Lowendahl | children = 2 }}Lisa Howard (nee Dorothy Jean Guggenheim, April 24, 1926 – July 4, 1965) was an American journalist, writer, and television news anchor who previously had a career as an off-Broadway theater and soap opera actress. In the early 1960s, she became ABC News's first woman reporter, and was the first woman to have her own national network television news show. Howard developed a relationship with Cuba's Fidel Castro, whom she met to interview, and was a go-between for a time between Castro and the American White House. Her network career ended when she became openly involved in a New York political campaign during the 1964 election. In 1965, Howard suffered a miscarriage and depression, dying of an overdose of painkillers.[1] Early years and acting careerHoward was born in Cambridge, Ohio.[2] Her family was Jewish.[3] She attended Miami University for a year before dropping out to pursue an acting career.[4] At the age of 18, Howard moved to Los Angeles and joined the Pasadena Playhouse. From there she pursued a film and television career. In 1953, the entertainment magazine People Today featured her on its front page, calling her "TV's First Lady of Sin". She also played roles on The Edge of Night, As the World Turns and Guiding Light for CBS Television in the 1950s. After moving to New York City, Howard starred in the off-Broadway show, 'Tis Pity She's a Whore. Journalism careerIn the late 1950s, Howard decided to make a major career change. She began working as a stringer for the Mutual Radio Network. She covered the 1960 Democratic National Convention and became the first American reporter to interview Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. Due to the widespread attention generated by that interview, in 1961 she was hired by ABC News as their first female correspondent to cover the Vienna summit between Khrushchev and John F. Kennedy. She also served as the editor for the political journal War/Peace Report, and wrote a novel On Stage, Miss Douglas, released in 1960.[4] In 1963, ABC promoted her to be the first female anchor of a news broadcast geared toward housewives called Lisa Howard and News with a Woman's Touch.[5] As part of the broadcast, she interviewed famous and influential world personalities, among them the Shah of Iran, Eleanor Roosevelt, Barry Goldwater, and Nelson Rockefeller. In April 1963, she traveled to Cuba to make an ABC special on Cuban leader Fidel Castro. During his filmed interview, as well as in private conversation with Howard, Castro made it clear that Cuba was interested in improved relations with Washington. On her return to the U.S., she was debriefed by CIA deputy director, Richard Helms. In a secret memorandum of conversation sent to President Kennedy, Helms reported: "Lisa Howard definitely wants to impress the U.S. Government with two facts: Castro is ready to discuss rapprochement and she herself is ready to discuss it with him if asked to do so by the U.S. Government."[6] Subsequently Howard used her Upper East Side apartment for the first meeting between a U.S. and Cuban diplomat, and for phone communications between Castro and the Kennedy administration.[5] According to her daughter, Fritzi, Howard became involved with Castro and viewed herself as a grand player on the stage of history. In an article for Politico detailing their relationship, Peter Kornbluh describes Howard's role as a liaison between the United States and Cuba as "intimate diplomacy," explaining that "her role as peacemaker was built on a complex, little-understood rapport she managed to forge with Castro himself – a relationship that was political and personal, intellectual and intimate.” [3] In order to continue the reconciliation agenda, she set up a meeting between UN diplomat William Attwood and Cuba's UN representative Carlos Lechuga on September 23, 1963, at her Upper East Side New York apartment, under the cover of a cocktail party. With Howard's support, the Kennedy White House was organizing a secret meeting with an emissary of Fidel Castro in November 1963 at the United Nations—a plan that was aborted when President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas on November 22, 1963. The new president, Lyndon B. Johnson, objected to normalizing relations with Cuba as he feared this would make him appear soft on Communism. Howard continued to work toward better relations, returning to Cuba to do another ABC special with Castro in February 1964 and becoming a go-between for communications between Washington and Havana.[5] When Argentine Marxist revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara came to New York in December 1964, she hosted a cocktail party for him and arranged a meeting between Guevara and U.S. Senator Eugene McCarthy. A selection of Howard's personal papers, including a [https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//dc.html?doc=4444503-Document-02-Lisa-Howard-Draft-Letter-to-Fidel draft letter] to her "Dearest Fidel," a [https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//dc.html?doc=4444505-Document-04-Lisa-Howard-Draft-Letter-to-John-F draft letter] to President Kennedy, and her 1964 [https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//dc.html?doc=4444507-Document-06-Lisa-Howard-Transcript-Interview interview] with Che Guevara, are available to read on the George Washington University-based National Security Archive's website.[7] In September 1964, Howard helped form a political group called "Democrats for Keating"—a group of liberal Democrats that included Gore Vidal, who opposed Robert Kennedy's bid to become a U.S. senator representing the state of New York. ABC News warned her that her public partisan politics would lead to her dismissal. Howard nevertheless continued to work openly in support of Kennedy's Republican opponent, Kenneth Keating. In the fall of 1964, ABC cancelled her news show and fired Howard. Personal lifeHoward was married twice and had two children. Her first marriage was to film director Felix E. Feist with whom she had a daughter, Fritzi. The couple later divorced. Howard later married producer Walter Lowendahl with whom she had a daughter, Anne.[8] DeathDevastated by the loss of her career, Howard suffered a miscarriage in June 1965 and was hospitalized with depression. On July 4, 1965, while on an Independence Day vacation in the Hamptons with her family, she took a fatal overdose of barbiturates. Her death was ruled a suicide.[9] In popular cultureJulia Ormond portrayed Howard in the Steven Soderbergh film Che (2008). Partial filmography
References1. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/04/20/cuba-fidel-castro-affair-lisa-howard-218007 |title=‘My Dearest Fidel’: An ABC Journalist’s Secret Liaison With Fidel Castro |last=Kornbluh |first=Peter |date=April 2018 |work=POLITICO Magazine |access-date=2018-04-21}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938206,00.html|title=The Press: The Beaver|publisher= TIME magazine|date=July 25, 1961|accessdate= 2011-06-24}} 3. ^1 https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/04/20/cuba-fidel-castro-affair-lisa-howard-218007 4. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Carpozi|first1=George, Jr.|title=The Last Day of Lisa Howard's Life|journal=TV Radio Mirror|date=October 1965|volume=64|issue=5|page=87|publisher=Macfadden-Bartell Corporation|location=New York City, New York}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/04/20/cuba-fidel-castro-affair-lisa-howard-218007|title=‘My Dearest Fidel’: An ABC Journalist’s Secret Liaison With Fidel Castro|publisher=}} 6. ^Peter Kornbluh, "JFK & Castro: The Secret Quest for Accommodation," in Cigar Aficionado, Oct. 1999 7. ^{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Kornbluh |url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/cuba/2018-04-20/cuba-us-intimate-diplomacy |title=As Castro Era Ends, the National Security Archive Posts Records on Back-Channel Efforts toward Rapprochement By Pioneering Journalist Lisa Howard |date=April 20, 2018 |newspaper=The National Security Archive}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Carpozi|first1=George, Jr.|title=The Last Day of Lisa Howard's Life|journal=TV Radio Mirror|date=October 1965|volume=64|issue=5|page=85|publisher=Macfadden-Bartell Corporation|location=New York City, New York}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Carpozi|first1=George, Jr.|title=The Last Day of Lisa Howard's Life|journal=TV Radio Mirror|date=October 1965|volume=64|issue=5|pages=39, 85–86|publisher=Macfadden-Bartell Corporation|location=New York City, New York}}
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24 : 1926 births|1965 deaths|20th-century American actresses|ABC News personalities|Actresses from Ohio|American actresses who committed suicide|American film actresses|American musical theatre actresses|American radio reporters and correspondents|American soap opera actresses|American stage actresses|American television actresses|American women journalists|American women writers|Drug-related suicides in New York (state)|Barbiturates-related deaths|Female suicides|Journalists from Ohio|Journalists who committed suicide|Miami University alumni|People from Cambridge, Ohio|Writers from Ohio|Writers who committed suicide|Women radio journalists |
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