词条 | List of ambassadors of Australia to the United States | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
|post = Ambassador of Australia to the United States |body = |insignia = Coat of Arms of Australia.svg |insigniasize = 120px |department = |image = Joe Hockey portrait 1.jpg|The Hon. Joe Hockey. |alt = |incumbent = Joe Hockey |incumbentsince = 23 January 2016 (presented credentials 29 January 2016) |residence = |nominator = Prime Minister of Australia |nominatorpost = |style = His Excellency |appointer = Governor-General of Australia |termlength = |formation = 1 March 1940 |inaugural = Richard Casey |website = Embassy of Australia }} The Ambassador of Australia to the United States is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the director of the Embassy of Australia to the United States of America in Washington, D.C.. It is Australia's third-oldest diplomatic posting, after the High Commissions in London (1910) and Ottawa (1939). The job has the rank and status of an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and is currently Joe Hockey, who presented his credentials to the President of the USA on 29 January 2016.[1][2] The ambassador's work is assisted by multiple consulates throughout the country that have visiting and reporting responsibilities, as well as consular and trade matters for the embassy. Posting historyThe United States and Australia have had official diplomatic relations since 1 March 1940, when Australia established a legation in Washington as one of its first independent postings. Prior to that, Australia had been represented by the British Embassy in Washington, either through a representative of the Australian government or simply by British officials on Australia's behalf. During 1929, Prime Minister Stanley Bruce appointed Herbert Brookes as "Commissioner-General to the United States", with a mandate to promote "Australian achievements in economic, musical, artistic, literary and intellectual fields". However, Brookes was recalled the next year by James Scullin (Bruce's successor), as a cost-saving measure during the Depression.[3][4] During 1937, Joseph Lyons (Scullin's successor) appointed Keith Officer as a liaison officer posted with the British Embassy, with the diplomatic rank of "Counsellor". Officer continued in the job until February 1940 when he became the charge d'Affaires, pending the arrival of Casey as the first Minister.[5][6] First established as a legation directed by an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, on 19 July 1946 the diplomatic representative was promoted to embassy status and the Australian Minister, Frederic Eggleston became the first Ambassador. The job is seen as very desirable, and political appointees are regularly posted. Several distinguished Australians have served as Ambassador to the United States, including a future Governor-General of Australia (Richard Casey), a future Chief Justice of Australia (Sir Owen Dixon), a future Governor of Tasmania (James Plimsoll), two former federal leaders of the opposition (Andrew Peacock and Kim Beazley), and a former Treasurer of Australia (Joe Hockey).[7] Office-holdersCommissioner/Commissioner-General
Counsellor/Charge d'Affaires
Minister/Ambassador
Consulates
From 1993 to August 2012, there existed a Consulate-General in Atlanta, Georgia, which was managed by Austrade. The consulate's closure was due to a realignment of resources "to growing and emerging markets like Mongolia and Colombia." After its closure, the consulate's reporting responsibilities for the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina were transferred to the Australian Embassy in Washington.[13] From 12 September 1994 to his death on 11 June 2017, there existed an Honorary Consulate in Denver, Colorado, held by Mark O'Regan, an Australian-born Denver realtor and former civil servant in the Territory of Papua New Guinea.[14] From 7 December 1999 to his death on 6 November 2013, the Honorary Consul in Miami, Florida, was Thomas Flynn.[15] Flynn was appointed as an Honorary Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for his service as honorary consul in 2005.[16] Consuls-GeneralAtlantaThe consulate-general was opened in 1993 under Austrade management.[17] The consulate was closed in August 2012 following an Austrade restructure.
ChicagoOriginally opened in 1971, the consulate-general was closed in 1993 due to budget constraints after being transferred to Austrade, but re-opened under DFAT in 2001.[21]
HonoluluOriginally opened as a Consulate in January 1973, the posting was upgraded to a Consulate-General on 26 March 1978.[27][28]
Los AngelesOriginally a Trade Commission from 1965, the post was upgraded to a Consulate-General from 3 March 1971 and was closed during a period of budget cuts to Foreign Affairs on 1 July 1976. The consulate reopened in September 1978 and management was transferred from DFAT to Austrade in October 1992. DFAT resumed management from November 1999.[40]
San FranciscoSince 1993, the consulate-general has been managed by Austrade.[48]
See also
References1. ^{{cite news|last1=Cox|first1=Lisa|title=Joe Hockey announced as Australia's next ambassador to the United States|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/joe-hockey-announced-as-australias-next-ambassador-to-the-united-states-20151207-glhy2o.html|accessdate=17 June 2017|agency=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=8 December 2015}} 2. ^{{cite news|last1=Hunter|first1=Fergus|title=Former treasurer Joe Hockey officially welcomed by Barack Obama as US ambassador|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/joe-hockey-sworn-in-by-barack-obama-in-oval-office-as-us-ambassador-20160129-gmgv8j.html|accessdate=17 June 2017|agency=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=30 January 2016}} 3. ^Alison Patrick, 'Brookes, Herbert Robinson (1867–1963)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brookes-herbert-robinson-5372/text9089, published first in hardcopy 1979, accessed online 13 August 2017. 4. ^{{citation|title=CA 242: Commissioner for Australia in the United States of America/ (by 1928) Commissioner-General for Australia in the United States of America|url=http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/SearchOld.asp?Number=CA+242|publisher=National Archives of Australia|accessdate=26 January 2018}} 5. ^Kathleen Dermody, 'Officer, Sir Frank Keith (1889–1969)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/officer-sir-frank-keith-11289/text20145, published first in hardcopy 2000, accessed online 13 August 2017. 6. ^{{citation|title=CA 1939: Australian Counsellor, British Embassy, United States of America [Washington]|url=http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/SearchOld.asp?Number=CA+1939|publisher=National Archives of Australia|accessdate=26 January 2018}} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Norington|first1=Brad|title=New ambassador Kim Beazley meets Barack Obama from wheelchair|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/politics/new-ambassador-kim-beazley-meets-barack-obama-from-wheelchair/news-story/d924453d65105acdecb517407a45c99e|accessdate=17 June 2017|agency=The Australian|date=25 February 2010}} 8. ^E. A. Beever, 'Elder, Sir James Alexander (1869–1946)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/elder-sir-james-alexander-6099/text10449, accessed online 26 January 2018. 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article16292719 |title=SIR HUGH DENISON. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |issue=27,571 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=18 May 1926 |accessdate=26 January 2018 |page=10 |via=National Library of Australia}} 10. ^1 {{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2015/jb_mr_150316.aspx?w=tb1CaGpkPX%2FlS0K%2Bg9ZKEg%3D%3D|title=Consul-General in Chicago|date=16 March 2015|first=Julie|last=Bishop|publisher=Australian Government}} 11. ^{{citation|title=CA 7957: Australian Consulate-General, Honolulu [United States of America]|url=http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/SearchOld.asp?Number=CA+7957|publisher=National Archives of Australia|accessdate=24 June 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=MiamiHonConsul|url=http://usa.embassy.gov.au/whwh/Miami-HonConsul.html|website=Embassy of Australia - United States of America|publisher=DFAT|accessdate=17 June 2017}} 13. ^{{cite news|last1=Gartrell|first1=Adam|title=Australia's consulate in Atlanta closes|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/breaking-news/australias-consulate-in-atlanta-closes/news-story/7d0fac89f01df0c807669a9ef3626696|accessdate=20 June 2017|agency=News.com.au|date=2 August 2012}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Obituary: Mark V. O'Regan|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/denverpost/obituary.aspx?n=mark-v-oregan&pid=185767106|accessdate=24 June 2017|agency=The Denver Post|date=11 June 2017}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Obituary: THOMAS EDWARD FLYNN|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/herald/obituary.aspx?page=lifestory&pid=167942552|accessdate=24 June 2017|agency=The Miami Herald|date=10 November 2013}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=FLYNN, Thomas Edward - Member of the Order of Australia|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1129369&search_type=simple&showInd=true|website=It's an Honour|publisher=Australian Government|accessdate=24 June 2017|date=19 April 2005|quote=For service to the Australian Government as the Honorary Consul for Miami, Florida.}} 17. ^{{cite news|last1=Pierson|first1=Mark|title=Australia’s Wing, Consul General Here, Heading for Tokyo|url=http://www.globalatlanta.com/australias-wing-consul-general-here-heading-for-tokyo/|accessdate=24 June 2017|agency=Global Atlanta|date=13 May 1997}} 18. ^{{cite news|title=Australian Dean of Consular Corps Here Going Home Nov. 22|url=http://www.globalatlanta.com/australian-dean-of-consular-corps-here-going-home-nov-22/|accessdate=24 June 2017|agency=Global Atlanta|date=29 October 2004}} 19. ^{{cite news|title=Australia’s Consul Hopes for U.S. Free Trade Agreement|url=http://www.globalatlanta.com/australias-consul-hopes-for-u-s-free-trade-agreement/|accessdate=24 June 2017|agency=Global Atlanta|date=5 August 2003}} 20. ^{{cite news|last1=Williams|first1=Trevor|title=Australia to Close Atlanta Consulate, Trade Office|url=http://www.globalatlanta.com/australia-to-close-atlanta-consulate-trade-office/|accessdate=24 June 2017|agency=Global Atlanta|date=26 July 2012}} 21. ^{{citation|title=CA 8034: Australian Consulate-General, Chicago [United States of America]|url=http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/SearchOld.asp?Number=CA+8034|publisher=National Archives of Australia|accessdate=11 June 2016}} 22. ^{{cite news|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/111975655|title=New consul-general|date=26 May 1988|page=3|newspaper=The Canberra Times}} 23. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2001/fa079_01.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212022455/http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2001/fa079_01.html|archivedate=12 February 2014|date=13 June 2001|publisher=Australian Government|first=Alexander|last=Downer|author-link=Alexander Downer|title=Diplomatic appointment: Consul-General in Chicago}} 24. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2004/fa182_04.html|title=Diplomatic Appointment: Consul-General in Chicago|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212012829/http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2004/fa182_04.html|archivedate=12 February 2014|publisher=Australian Government|first=Alexander|last=Downer|author-link=Alexander Downer|date=18 December 2004}} 25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Howard-awards-plum-post-to-Liberal-mate/2004/12/17/1102787276368.html|title=Howard awards plum post to Liberal mate|first=Jason|last=Koutsoukis|date=18 December 2004|publisher=Fairfax Media|newspaper=The Age|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105194905/http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Howard-awards-plum-post-to-Liberal-mate/2004/12/17/1102787276368.html|archivedate=5 November 2012}} 26. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2011/kr_mr_110913b.aspx?ministerid=2|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329013158/http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2011/kr_mr_110913b.aspx?ministerid=2|archivedate=29 March 2015|first=Craig|last=Emerson|author-link=Craig Emerson|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic Appointment — Consul-General in Chicago|date=13 September 2011}} 27. ^{{citation|title=CA 7957: Australian Consulate-General, Honolulu [United States of America]|url=http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/SearchOld.asp?Number=CA+7957|publisher=National Archives of Australia|accessdate=24 June 2016}} 28. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article102006009 |title=Consulate |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=47, |issue=13,238 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=26 September 1972 |accessdate=24 June 2017 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}} 29. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110618612 |title=Precedent set by diplomatic posting |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=47, |issue=13,271 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=3 November 1972 |accessdate=24 June 2017 |page=9 |via=National Library of Australia}} 30. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110886836 |title=VICE-REGAL |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=52, |issue=15,530 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=10 March 1978 |accessdate=24 June 2017 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} 31. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article122505294 |title=Diplomatic appointments |newspaper=The Canberra Times|volume=59, |issue=18,075 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=25 March 1985 |accessdate=24 June 2017 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} 32. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article118186276 |title=VICE-REGAL |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=61, |issue=18,828 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=22 April 1987 |accessdate=24 June 2017 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} 33. ^{{cite press release|url=http://trademinister.gov.au/releases/1995/mt99.html|first=Bob|last=McMullan|publisher=Australian Government|title=AUSTRALIAN Consul-General in Honolulu|date= 12 July 1995}} 34. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/1998/fa032_98.html|first=Alexander|last=Downer|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic Appointment: Consul-General in Honolulu|date=24 March 1998}} 35. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2001/fa012_01.html|first=Alexander|last=Downer|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic Appointment: Consul-General in Honolulu|date=8 February 2001}} 36. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2004/fa071_04.html|first=Alexander|last=Downer|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic Appointment: Consul-General in Honolulu|date=28 May 2004}} 37. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2007/fa068_07.html|first=Alexander|last=Downer|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic Appointment: Consul-General in Honolulu|date=18 June 2007}} 38. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2011/kr_mr_110730a.aspx?ministerid=2|first=Kevin|last=Rudd|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic appointment - New Consul-General in Honolulu|date=30 July 2011}} 39. ^{{cite press release|title=Consul-General in Honolulu|date=22 December 2017|first=Julie|last=Bishop|publisher=Australian Government|url=https://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2017/jb_mr_171222.aspx?w=tb1CaGpkPX%2FlS0K%2Bg9ZKEg%3D%3D}} 40. ^{{citation|title=CA 4078: Australian Consulate-General, Los Angeles [United States of America]|url=http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/SearchOld.asp?Number=CA+4078|publisher=National Archives of Australia|accessdate=20 June 2017}} 41. ^{{cite Government Publication|url=https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/historical-documents.aspx||publisher=Boris Schedvin|title=Emissaries of Trade: a history of Australian trade Commissioner Service|date=2008}} 42. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/1999/fa089_99.html|first=Alexander|last=Downer|publisher=Australian Government|title=Changes in Australia's Overseas Representation|date=7 August 1999}} 43. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2002/fa086_02.html|first=Alexander|last=Downer|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic appointment: Consul-General in Los Angeles|date=3 June 2002}} 44. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2006/fa094_06.html|first=Alexander|last=Downer|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic appointment: Consul-General in Los Angeles|date=24 August 2006}} 45. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/2009/fa-s024_09.html|first=Stephen|last=Smith|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic appointment: Consul-General in Los Angeles|date=24 February 2009}} 46. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2012/bc_mr_120429.aspx?w=SXqMAEY78kBkexjgKl1cQg%3D%3D|first=Bob|last=Carr|publisher=Australian Government|title=Diplomatic appointment: Consul-General in Los Angeles|date=29 April 2012}} 47. ^{{cite press release|url=http://foreignminister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2015/jb_mr_151022a.aspx?w=tb1CaGpkPX%2FlS0K%2Bg9ZKEg%3D%3D|first=Julie|last=Bishop|author-link=Julie Bishop|publisher=Australian Government|title=Consul-General in Los Angeles|date=22 October 2015}} 48. ^1 {{cite web|title=ParlInfo - QUESTIONS ON NOTICE: Australian Consulate-General: Chicago|url=http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=CHAMBER;id=chamber%2Fhansardr%2F2001-06-27%2F0219;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2F2001-06-27%2F0000%22|publisher=Parliament of Australia|accessdate=17 June 2017|format=House Hansard|date=27 June 2001}} 49. ^Guide to the San Francisco News, July 1946: New Consul General Edward Kenneth Smart of Australia 50. ^{{citation|title=CA 1321: Australian Consulate-General, San Francisco [United States of America]|url=http://naa12.naa.gov.au/scripts/SearchOld.asp?Number=CA+1321|publisher=National Archives of Australia|accessdate=12 November 2016}} 51. ^{{cite news|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/107073129|page=18|title=The Truscotts get ready to disperse|date=15 January 1969|newspaper=The Canberra Times}} 52. ^{{cite news|last1=Magnier|first1=Mark|title=CRISIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST COULD COST AUSTRALIA DEARLY|url=http://www.joc.com/maritime-news/crisis-middle-east-could-cost-australia-dearly_19900827.html|accessdate=17 June 2017|agency=The Journal of Commerce|date=27 August 1990}} 53. ^{{cite news|last1=Hanson|first1=Roger|title=Tasmanian Irrigation chief appointed Senior Trade Commissioner and Consul General to San Francisco|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/news/tasmania/tasmanian-irrigation-chief-appointed-senior-trade-commissioner-and-consul-general-to-san-francisco/news-story/bc14197eb1df98ae2039be767f82214f|accessdate=17 June 2017|agency=The Mercury|date=28 October 2015}} 54. ^{{cite press release|url=http://trademinister.gov.au/releases/Pages/2015/ar_mr_151028.aspx?w=O%2F%2FeXE%2BIYc3HpsIRhVl0XA%3D%3D|first=Andrew|last=Robb|author-link=Andrew Robb|publisher=Australian Government|title=Senior Trade Appointments to Houston and San Francisco|date=28 October 2015}} Further reading
External links
6 : Ambassadors of Australia to the United States|Consuls-General of Australia in Chicago|Consuls-General of Australia in Los Angeles|Consuls-General of Australia in San Francisco|Lists of ambassadors of Australia|Lists of ambassadors to the United States |
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