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词条 Czech koruna
释义

  1. History

  2. Euro adoption discussion

  3. Coins

  4. Banknotes

     Stamped banknotes  Original Czech banknotes  Commemorative banknotes 

  5. Exchange rates

     Historic rates  Current rates 

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{about|the currency|crown jewel|Crown of Saint Wenceslas|the political party|Koruna Česká (party)|CZK airport|Cascade Locks State Airport}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}{{Infobox currency
| currency_name_in_local = {{native name|cs|koruna česká}}
| image_1 = CZK_Banknotes_2014.png
| image_title_1 = Koruna banknotes
| image_2 = 50 CZK.png
| image_title_2 = 50 Kč coin
| iso_code = CZK
| iso_number = 203
| iso_exponent = 2
| subunit_name_1 = haléř (defunct)
| symbol = Kč
| frequently_used_banknotes = 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 Kč
| rarely_used_banknotes = 5000 Kč
| used_coins = 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 Kč
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|100}}
| plural_slavic = Y
| symbol_subunit_1 = h
| banknote_article = Banknotes of the Czech koruna
| coin_article =
| using_countries = {{flag|Czech Republic}}
| issuing_authority = Czech National Bank
| issuing_authority_website = {{URL|www.cnb.cz}}
| mint = Česká mincovna
| mint_website = [https://ceskamincovna.cz/en/ ceskamincovna.cz]
| inflation_rate = 2.5%
| inflation_source_date = [https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/inflation_consumer_prices_ekon Czech Statistical Office], February 2017
| inflation_method = CPI
}}

The koruna (sign: Kč; code: CZK) is the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993, and in English it is sometimes referred to as Czech crown or Czech krone. The koruna is one of European Union's 11 currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro currency in the future.

The official name in Czech is koruna česká (plural koruny české, though the zero-grade genitive plural form korun českých is used on banknotes and coins of value 5 Kč or higher). The ISO 4217 code is CZK and the local acronym is Kč, which is placed after the numeric value (e.g., "50 Kč") or sometimes before it (as is seen on the 10-koruna coin). One koruna equals 100 haléřů (abbreviated as "h", singular: haléř, nominative plural: haléře, genitive plural: haléřů – used with numbers higher or equal to 5 – e.g. 3 haléře, 8 haléřů), but haléře have been withdrawn, and the smallest unit of physical currency is 1 Kč.

History

In 1892, the Austro-Hungarian krone replaced the gulden, at the rate of one gulden equaling two kronen (which is also the reason why the 10-koruna coin is still nicknamed pětka or "the five" by the Czechs). The name "krone" was invented by the emperor, Franz Joseph I of Austria. After Austria-Hungary dissolved in 1918, the only successor state that kept the name of the currency, the koruna, was Czechoslovakia. In the late 1920s, the Czechoslovak koruna was the hardest currency in Europe. During the Second World War, the currency on the occupied Czech territory was artificially weakened. The Czechoslovak koruna was restored after the war. It underwent a highly controversial monetary reform in 1953.

The Czech koruna replaced the Czechoslovak koruna when it was introduced in 1993 after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. It first consisted of overstamped 20-, 50-, 100-, 500-, and 1000-Czechoslovak koruna banknotes, but a new series was properly introduced in 1993.

In November 2013, the Czech National Bank (ČNB) intervened to weaken the exchange rate of the koruna through a monetary stimulus to stop the currency from excessive strengthening.[1] In late 2016, the ČNB stated that the return to conventional monetary policy was planned for mid-2017.[2][3] After higher-than-expected inflation and other figures, the national bank removed the cap on a special monetary meeting on April 6, 2017. The koruna avoided significant volatility and City Index Group stated: "If you want to drop a currency peg, then the ČNB can show you how to do it".[4]

Euro adoption discussion

{{main|Czech Republic and the euro}}

The Czech Republic planned to adopt the euro in 2010, but its government suspended that plan indefinitely in 2005.[5] Although the country is economically well positioned to adopt the euro, there is considerable opposition to the move within the Czech Republic.[6] According to a survey conducted in April 2014, only 16% of the Czech population was in favour of replacing the koruna with the euro.[7] As reported by an April 2018 survey by CVVM (Public Opinion Research Center), this value has remained at nearly identical levels over the past four years, with only 20% of the Czech population above 15 years old supporting euro adoption.[8]

{{-}}

Coins

The coins of the Czech koruna increase in size and weight with value.

In 1993, coins were introduced in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 haléřů, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 korun. The 10- and 20-haléřů coins were taken out of circulation by 31 October 2003 and the 50-haléřů coins by 31 August 2008 due to their diminishing purchasing power and circulation.[9] However, financial amounts are still written with the accuracy of 1-haléř (CZK 0.01); prices in retail shops are usually multiples of CZK 0.10. When transactions are made, the amount is rounded to the nearest integer.

In 2000, the 10- and 20-korun coins were minted with different obverses to commemorate the millennium. In 1993 and 1994, coins were minted in Winnipeg and Hamburg, then in the Czech Republic. The 10- and 50-korun coins were designed by {{ill|Ladislav Kozák|cs|Ladislav Kozák (sochař)}} (1934–2007).

Since 1997, sets for collectors are also issued yearly with proof-quality coins. Also, a tradition exists of issuing commemorative coins – including silver and gold coins – for numismatic purposes.

For a complete listing, see Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic.

Circulation coins[10]
ImageValueTechnical parametersDescriptionDate of
Diameter Thickness Mass Composition Edge Obverse Reverse first minting issue withdrawal
10 h 15.5 mm1.7 mm 0.6 g99% aluminium
1% magnesium		 Plain"ČESKÁ REPUBLIKA", the Czech lion, year of minting Value, stylized river 1993 19932003
20 h 17 mm 0.74 g Milled Value, linden leaf 1993 19932003
50 h 19 mm 0.9 g Alternately plain and milled Value 1993 19932008
1 Kč 20 mm1.85 mm 3.6 gNickel-plated steel Milled Value, St. Wenceslas crown 1993 1993Current
2 Kč 21.5 mm,
11-sided		 3.7 g Rounded, plain Value, a Great Moravian button-jewel 1993 1993Current
5 Kč 23 mm 4.8 g Plain Value, Charles Bridge, Vltava, linden leaf 1993 1993Current
10 Kč 24.5 mm2.55 mm 7.62 g Copper-plated steel Milled Value, Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul at Petrov monument in Brno 1993 1993Current
20 Kč 26 mm,
13-sided		 8.43 g Brass-plated steel Rounded, plain Value, the St. Wenceslas monument on Wenceslas Square, inscription from the monument: "SVATÝ VÁCLAVE NEDEJ ZAHYNOUT NÁM I BUDOUCÍM" 1993 1993Current
50 Kč27.5 mm
center: 17 mm		 9.7 g Outer ring: Copper-plated steel
Center plug: Brass-plated steel		 Plain "PRAGA MATER URBIUM" (Prague, the Mother of Towns), view of Prague 1993 1993Current

Banknotes

The first Czech banknotes were issued on 8 February 1993 and consisted of Czechoslovak notes with adhesive stamps affixed to them. Only the 100-, 500- and 1,000-korun notes were overstamped, the lower denominations circulated unchanged during this transitional period. Each stamp bears a Roman and Arabic numeral identifying the denomination of the banknote to which it is affixed (C and 100, D and 500, M and 1,000). Subsequent issues of the 1,000-korun note replaced the adhesive stamp with a printed image of same.[11]

A newly designed series of banknotes in denominations of 20-, 50-, 100-, 200-, 500-, 1,000 and 5,000-korun were introduced later in 1993 and are still in use at present – except for 20, 50 and the first versions of 1,000 and 5,000 korun notes, since the security features of 1,000 and 5,000 notes were upgraded in the subsequent issues (The 2,000 korun note, which was introduced in 1996, is still valid in all versions, with and without the new security features). These banknotes feature renowned Czech persons on the obverse and abstract compositions on the reverse. Modern protective elements can be found on all banknotes.

Stamped banknotes

ValueDimensionsMain ColourLanguageDescriptionDate of
Obverse Reverse printing issue withdrawal
Czechoslovak banknotes
10 Kčs 133 × 67 mm Brown Slovak Pavol Országh-Hviezdoslav Orava scene 1986 7 February 1993 31 July 1993
20 Kčs 138 × 67 mm Blue Czech Comenius Illustration related to culture and education 1988 7 February 1993 31 July 1993
50 Kčs 143 × 67 mm Red Slovak Ľudovít Štúr View of Bratislava with the castle (from the restaurant on the top of the pylon of the Nový Most) 1987 7 February 1993 31 July 1993
Overstamped Czechoslovak banknotes
100 Kč 165 × 81 mm Green Czech Peasant couple View of Prague with the castle and the Charles Bridge 1961 7 February 1993 31 August 1993
500 Kč 153 × 67 mm Brown Slovak Partisans of the SNP 1944 Devín Castle 1973 7 February 1993 31 August 1993
1,000 Kč 158 × 67 mm Blue Czech Bedřich Smetana View of the Vltava at Vyšehrad 1985 7 February 1993 31 August 1993

Original Czech banknotes

The Greater coat of arms of the Czech Republic can be found on the reverse side of all denominations.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

ValueDimensionsMain ColourDescriptionDate of
Obverse Reverse printing issue withdrawal lapse
First original (second 1993) series
20 Kč 128 × 64 mm Blue Přemysl Otakar I and his seal Crown 1994 20 April 1994 31 August 2008 31 August 2014[12]
50 Kč134 × 64 mmRedSaint Agnes of Bohemia and the Sacred HeartSt. Salvator's Church ceiling (part of Convent of St. Agnes of Bohemia in Prague) and ornamental letter A 1993 6 October 1993 31 January 200731 March 2017[13]
1994 21 December 1994 31 March 2011
1997 10 September 1997 31 March 2011
100 Kč140 × 69 mmGreen and pinkCharles IVSeal of Charles University 1993 30 June 1993 31 January 2007 until further notice
1995 21 June 1995current
1997 15 October 1997current
200 Kč146 × 69 mmBrown and orangeJohn Amos ComeniusOrbis Pictus, an adult's hand passing to a child's hand 1993 8 February 1993 31 January 2007 until further notice
1996 14 August 1996current
1998 6 January 1999current
500 Kč152 × 69 mmBrown and pinkBožena Němcová and roseLaureate woman symbolizing all woman characters in Němcová's books 1993 21 July 1993 31 January 2007 until further notice
1995 27 December 1995current
1997 18 March 1998current
2009 1 April 2009current
1,000 Kč158 × 74 mmVioletFrantišek Palacký, uprooted treeEagle spread its wings over the Archbishop's Castle in Kroměříž, where a constitution preparing parliament of Austrian Empire was held in 1848 1993 12 May 1993 30 June 2001 until further notice
1996 6 December 1996current
2008 1 April 2008current
2,000 Kč164 × 74 mmGreenEmmy DestinnEuterpe and musical motifs like violin 1996 1 October 1996current
1999 1 December 1999current
2007 2 July 2007current
5,000 Kč170 × 74 mmDark blue and violetTomáš Garrigue MasarykGothic and Baroque buildings in Prague, in centre dominating St. Vitus Cathedral 1993 15 December 1993 30 June 2001 until further notice
1999 8 September 1999current
2009 1 December 2009current

Commemorative banknotes

Commemorative banknote series[14]
ImageValueDimensionsDescriptionDate of
Obverse Reverse Obverse Reverse Watermark printing* issue withdrawal lapse
100 Kč 150 × 65 mm Alois Rašín Czech National Bank RČS 2019 25 February 2019TBD
100 Kč Green and pink 140 × 69 mm Charles IV, overprint on watermark area Seal of Charles UniversityTBD

For the 100th anniversary of the Czechoslovak koruna, a new banknote will be created, featuring the face of Czech politician Alois Rašín. There is also an overprint on the normal 100 Korun note as second commemorative note.

Exchange rates

Historic rates

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

The currency was on a record exchange rate run in 2008.[15]

Most traded currencies (since 31 December 2008):

YearUSA}} USDEUR}} EURGBR}} GBPSUI}} CHFJPN}} JPY
2008 19.346 26.930 28.270 18.132 0.21348
2009 18.368 26.465 29.798 17.837 0.19875
2010 18.751 25.060 29.108 20.043 0.23058
2011 19.940 25.800 30.886 21.220 0.25754
2012 19.055 25.140 30.812 20.831 0.22130
2013 19.894 27.425 32.911 22.344 0.18957
2014 22.834 27.725 35.591 23.058 0.19090
2015 24.824 27.025 36.822 24.930 0.20619
2016 25.639 27.020 31.586 25.166 0.21907
2017 21.291 25.540 28.786 21.824 0.18915
Source: Czech National Bank exchange rates [16]
|}

Current rates

{{Exchange rate|CZK}}

See also

{{Portal|Czech Republic|Money|Numismatics}}
  • Bohemian and Moravian koruna
  • Czechoslovak koruna
  • Slovak koruna
  • Commemorative coins of the Czech Republic
  • Czech Republic and the euro
  • Economy of the Czech Republic

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-08/czech-koruna-approaches-euro-cap-intervention-policy-explained|title=Czech Koruna Approaches Euro Cap: Intervention Policy Explained|author=|date=8 July 2015|publisher=|accessdate=4 May 2018|via=www.bloomberg.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215222642/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-08/czech-koruna-approaches-euro-cap-intervention-policy-explained|archivedate=15 December 2017|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-29/czechs-hold-rates-confirm-koruna-cap-as-focus-shifts-to-exit|title=Czech Central Bank Zeros In on Ending Koruna Cap in Mid-2017|author=|date=29 September 2016|publisher=|accessdate=4 May 2018|via=www.bloomberg.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119200428/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-29/czechs-hold-rates-confirm-koruna-cap-as-focus-shifts-to-exit|archivedate=19 January 2018|df=dmy-all}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-13/czech-central-bank-chief-dampens-bets-on-earlier-koruna-cap-exit|title=Czech Central Banker Quashes Bets on Earlier Koruna Cap Exit|author=|date=13 September 2016|publisher=|accessdate=4 May 2018|via=www.bloomberg.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217083955/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-09-13/czech-central-bank-chief-dampens-bets-on-earlier-koruna-cap-exit|archivedate=17 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-06/czech-central-bank-ends-currency-cap-to-let-koruna-float-again|title=Czechs Trigger Long-Awaited Koruna Float Without Swiss Shock|author=|date=6 April 2017|publisher=|accessdate=4 May 2018|via=www.bloomberg.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618042826/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-04-06/czech-central-bank-ends-currency-cap-to-let-koruna-float-again|archivedate=18 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.radio.cz/en/news/94849 | title=Finance Ministry backtracks on joining the Euro by 2012 | publisher=Radio Praha | accessdate=22 December 2008 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207112543/http://www.radio.cz/en/news/94849 | archivedate=7 February 2009 | df=dmy-all }}
6. ^{{cite press release |url=https://www.sparkasse.at/sPortal/sportal.portal;jsessionid=qhHSJ0FRvFSBNdNpZkKJVhvhHLJD4v1T2d1BG3Gcyj82vJYTDKm3!76983841?_nfpb=true&_windowLabel=LABEL_MAIN&_urlType=action&LABEL_MAIN_sh=181fe8bb390eeff395532e7956f3e368&LABEL_MAIN_action=content.main&LABEL_MAIN_OVERRULEREFRESHBACK=true&LABEL_MAIN_event=changeMain&LABEL_MAIN_chronicleId=%2Febgroup_en_0196%2FChannels%2FPress%2F2008%2F2.QU%2Feb_pi_en_20080508_next_main_Images.akp&LABEL_MAIN_zz=41235.36447435065&LABEL_MAIN_pc=1&_pageLabel=GRID02&cci=09002ee2805dab70&desk=ebgroup_en_0196&navigationId=012130649753268001119092& |title=Euros in the wallets of the Slovaks, but who will be next? |publisher=Sparkasse.at |date=5 August 2008 |accessdate=2008-12-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904020211/http://www.sparkasse.at/sPortal/sportal.portal |archivedate=4 September 2006 |df=dmy-all }}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_400_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-08-11 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813225221/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/fl_400_en.pdf |archivedate=13 August 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
8. ^{{cite web |url=https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/media/com_form2content/documents/c2/a4616/f9/pm180514b.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2018-11-28|df=dmy-all }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnb.cz/en/public/media_service/press_releases_cnb/2007/070802_50heller.html|title=The CNB decides 50-heller coins will cease to be legal tender|accessdate=20 January 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414225309/http://www.cnb.cz/en/public/media_service/press_releases_cnb/2007/070802_50heller.html|archivedate=14 April 2008|df=dmy-all}}
10. ^Czech national bank. Available at: {{cite web |url=http://www.cnb.cz/cs/platidla/mince/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-08-28 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905051647/http://www.cnb.cz/cs/platidla/mince/ |archivedate=5 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.papirovaplatidla.cz/bankovky/platidla-cr |title=Platidla ČR (1993–20..) – Papírová platidla, bankovky |publisher=Papirovaplatidla.cz |date= |accessdate=2014-08-19 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116184206/http://www.papirovaplatidla.cz/bankovky/platidla-cr |archivedate=16 November 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnb.cz/en/public/media_service/press_releases_cnb/2008/080201_czk_20.html|title=ČNB|author=|date=|website=www.cnb.cz|accessdate=4 May 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504225304/http://www.cnb.cz/en/public/media_service/press_releases_cnb/2008/080201_czk_20.html|archivedate=4 May 2018|df=dmy-all}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://banknotenews.com/files/dcbd41b58fc6bec2c6ffc1313b6e6517-1314.php|title=Czech Republic to replace 50-koruna note with coin 01.04.2011 - Banknote News|author=|date=|website=banknotenews.com|accessdate=4 May 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20140825030349/http://banknotenews.com/files/dcbd41b58fc6bec2c6ffc1313b6e6517-1314.php|archivedate=25 August 2014|df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.zlate-mince.cz/Bankovka_Rasin.htm|title=Rašín Alois|work=zlate-mince.cz|publisher=Zlatemince.cz |access-date=6 July 2018 }}
15. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/afxnewslimited/feeds/afx/2008/07/07/afx5188524.html | work=Forbes | title=Czech crown extends record run, eyes on CPI | date=7 July 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604011951/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2008/07/07/afx5188524.html|archivedate=4 June 2011}}
16. ^Czech national bank exchange rate fixing. Available at: {{cite web |url=https://www.cnb.cz/en/financial_markets/foreign_exchange_market/exchange_rate_fixing/daily.jsp |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2018-02-05 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131419/https://www.cnb.cz/en/financial_markets/foreign_exchange_market/exchange_rate_fixing/daily.jsp |archivedate=6 February 2018 |df=dmy-all }}

External links

{{commons category|Money of the Czech Republic}}
  • Czech banknotes, Czech National Bank
  • Czech coins, Czech National Bank
  • Czech Money mobile app, Czech National Bank
  • Czech banknotes (catalog, gallery and other details, history)
{{Historical currencies of the Czech Republic and Slovakia|state=collapsed}}{{Czech Republic topics}}{{Crown}}{{Euro topics}}{{Currency signs}}{{Currencies of Europe}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Czech Koruna}}

2 : Currencies of the Czech Republic|Currencies introduced in 1993
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