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词条 List of animals by number of neurons
释义

  1. Overview

  2. Whole nervous system

  3. Cerebral cortex

  4. See also

  5. References

{{multiple image
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| image1 = Brain size comparison - Brain neurons (billions).png
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| image2 = Brain size comparison - Cerebral cortex neurons (billions).png
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| footer = Brief comparisons of number of whole brain neurons (top) and cerebral cortex neurons (bottom) among six mammals.
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This is a list of representative animals by the number of neurons in their whole nervous system and the number of neurons in their brain (for those with a brain). These numbers are estimates derived by multiplying the density of neurons in a particular animal by the average volume of the animal's brain.

The whole human brain contains 86 billion neurons and roughly 16 billion neurons in the cerebral cortex.[1][2]

Overview

Neurons are the cells that transmit information in an animal's nervous system so that it can sense stimuli from its environment and behave accordingly. Not all animals have neurons; Trichoplax and sponges lack nerve cells altogether.

Neurons may be packed to form structures such as the brain of vertebrates or the neural ganglions of insects.

The number of neurons and their relative abundance in different parts of the brain is a determinant of neural function and, consequently, of behavior.

Whole nervous system

{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}

All numbers for neurons (except Caenorhabditis and Ciona), and all numbers for synapses (except Ciona) are estimations.

Name Neurons in the brain/whole nervous system Synapses DetailsImageSource
Sponge0}}[3]
Trichoplax0}}[4]
Asplanchna brightwellii (rotifer)200|prefix=about }}Brain only[5]
Ciona intestinalis larva (sea squirt)231}}8617}} (central nervous system only)[6][7]
Caenorhabditis elegans (roundworm)302}}7,500|prefix=~}}[8]
Jellyfish5600}}Hydra vulgaris (H. attenuate)[9]
Megaphragma mymaripenne7,400}}[10]
Box jellyfish8700}}–{{nts|17500}}adult Tripedalia cystophora (8 mm diameter) – does not include 1000 neurons in each of the four rhopalia[11]
Medicinal leech10,000}}[12]
Pond snail11,000}}[13]
Sea slug18000}}[14]
Amphioxus20000}}central nervous system only[15][16]
Larval zebrafish 100000}}[17]
Lobster 100000}}[18]
Fruit fly250000}}1e7|prefix=< }}[19][20]
Ant250000}}Varies per species[21][22]
Honey bee960000}}1e9|prefix=~}}[23]
Cockroach1000000}}[24]
Adult zebrafish 10000000|prefix=~}}cells (neurons + other)[25]
Frog16000000}}[26]
Naked mole-rat26880000}}[27]
Smoky shrew 36000000}}[28]
Short-tailed shrew 52000000}}[28]
Hottentot golden mole65000000}}[30]
House mouse71000000}}10e11|prefix=~}}[29]
Nile crocodile80500000}}[30]
Golden hamster90000000}}[29]
Ansell's mole-rat103,000,000}}[31]
Mashona mole-rat113,000,000}}[31]
Hairy-tailed mole124000000}}[30]
Eastern rock elephant shrew129000000}}[30]
Star-nosed mole 131000000}}[28]
Zebra finch 131000000}}Brain only[32]
Silvery mole-rat148,000,000}}[31]
Four-toed elephant shrew157000000}}[30]
Eurasian blackcap157000000}}[32]
Goldcrest164000000}}[32]
Cape mole-rat170,000,000}}[31]
Mechow's mole-rat174,000,000}}[31]
Damaraland mole-rat178,000,000}}[31]
Brown rat200000000}}4.48e11|prefix=~}}[33]
Guyenne spiny rat202000000}}[30]
Eastern mole 204000000}}[28]
Red junglefowl221000000}}[32]
Great tit226000000}}[32]
Green-rumped parrotlet227000000}}[32]
Guinea pig240,000,000}}[29]
Gray mouse lemur254,710,000}}[34]
Common treeshrew261000000}}[35]
Pigeon310000000}}Brain only[32]
Budgerigar322,000,000}}[32]
Cape dune mole-rat361,000,000}}[31]
Common blackbird379,000,000}}[32]
Ferret404,000,000}}[36]
Cockatiel453,000,000}}[32]
Gray squirrel453,660,000}}[27]
Banded mongoose454,000,000}}[36]
Prairie dog473,940,000}}[27]
Common starling483,000,000}}[32]
European rabbit494,200,000}}[27]
Octopus500000000}}[37]
Western tree hyrax505,000,000}}[30]
Common marmoset 636,000,000}}[35]
Eastern rosella642,000,000}}[32]
Barn owl690,000,000}}[32]
Monk parakeet697,000,000}}[32]
Azure-winged magpie741,000,000}}[32]
Rock hyrax756,000,000}}[30]
Cat760000000}}1e13|prefix=~}}[38]
Black-rumped agouti857000000}}[29]
Magpie897,000,000}}[32]
Common hill myna906,000,000}}[32]
Northern greater galago 936,000,000}}[35]
Western jackdaw968,000,000}}[32]
Eurasian jay1,085,000,000}}[32]
Alexandrine parakeet1,096,000,000}}[32]
Tanimbar corella1,161,000,000}}[32]
Emu1,335,000,000}}[32]
Three-striped night monkey1,468,000,000}}[35]
Rook1,509,000,000}}[32]
Grey parrot1,566,000,000}}[32]
Capybara1600000000}}[29]
Sulphur-crested cockatoo2,122,000,000}}[32]
Raccoon2,148,000,000}}[36]
Kea2,149,000,000}}[32]
Raven2171000000}}Brain only[32]
Domestic pig2,220,000,000}}[39]
Dog2,253,000,000}}[36]
Springbok2,720,000,000}}[39]
Blesbok3,060,000,000}}[39]
Blue-and-yellow macaw3136000000}}Brain only[32]
Common squirrel monkey3,246,000,000}}[35]
Crab-eating macaque3,440,000,000}}[34]
Tufted capuchin3,691,000,000}}[35]
Bonnet macaque3,780,000,000}}[34]
Striped hyena3,885,000,000}}[36]
Lion4,667,000,000}}[36]
Greater kudu4,910,000,000}}[39]
Rhesus macaque6,376,000,000}}[35]
Brown bear9,586,000,000}}[36]
Giraffe10,750,000,000}}[39]
Yellow baboon10,950,000,000}}[34]
Chimpanzee 28000000000}}[40]
Orangutan 32600000000}}[41]
Gorilla 33400000000}}[41]
Human86000000000}}1.5e14|prefix=~}}Synapses for average adult[42][43][44]
African elephant257000000000}}[45][46]

Cerebral cortex

Non-mammals are included in this list because, although only mammals have a cerebral cortex, the pallium of reptiles and birds is functionally similar to the mammalian cortex and is therefore also frequently referred to as "cortex".

Name Neurons in the cerebral cortexDetailsImageSource
Naked mole-rat6,150,000H. glaber[27]
Ansell's mole-rat10,000,000Fukomys anselli[31]
Smoky shrew10,000,000Sorex fumeus[30]
Mashona mole-rat12,000,000Fukomys darlingi[31]
Northern short-tailed shrew12,000,000Blarina brevicauda[30]
House mouse14,000,000Mus musculus[30]
Hairy-tailed mole16,000,000Parascalops breweri[30]
Star-nosed mole17,000,000Condylura cristata[30]
Golden hamster17,000,000Mesocricetus auratus[30]
Damaraland mole-rat21,000,000Fukomys damarensis[31]
Hottentot golden mole22,000,000Amblysomus hottentotus[30]
Gray mouse lemur22,310,000Microcebus murinus[34]
Mechow's mole-rat23,000,000Fukomys mechowii[31]
Hedgehog24,000,000Subfamily Erinaceinae, unknown genus and species[47]
Silvery mole-rat25,000,000heliophobius argenteocinereus[31]
Cape mole-rat26,000,000Georychus capensis[31]
Guyenne spiny rat26,000,000Proechimys cayennensis[30]
Eastern rock elephant shrew26,000,000Elephantulus myurus[30]
Eastern mole27,000,000Scalopus aquaticus[30]
Opossum27,000,000Didelphis virginiana[47]
Brown Rat31,000,000Rattus norvegicus[30]
Four-toed elephant shrew34,000,000Petrodromus tetradactylus[30]
Ferret39,000,000Mustela putorius furo[36]
Cape dune mole-rat43,000,000Bathyergus suillus[31]
Guinea pig43,510,000Cavia porcellus[27]
Eurasian blackcap52,000,000Sylvia atricapilla[32]
Prairie dog53,770,000Cynomys sp.[27]
Zebra finch55,000,000Taeniopygia guttata[32]
Common treeshrew60,000,000Tupaia glis[30]
Red junglefowl61,000,000Gallus gallus[32]
Goldcrest64,000,000Regulus regulus[32]
European rabbit71,450,000O. cuniculus[27]
Rock dove72,000,000Columba livia[32]
Eastern gray squirrel77,330,000S. carolinensis[27]
Great tit83,000,000Parus major[32]
Western tree hyrax99,000,000Dendrohyrax dorsalis[30]
Green-rumped parrotlet103,000,000Forpus passerinus[32]
Black-rumped agouti113,000,000Dasyprocta prymnolopha[2]
Banded mongoose116,000,000Mungos mungo[36]
Common blackbird136,000,000Turdus merula[32]
Budgerigar149,000,000Melopsittacus undulatus[32]
Rock hyrax198,000,000Procavia capensis[30]
Northern greater galago226,000,000Otolemur garnettii[30]
Common starling226,000,000Sturnus vulgaris[32]
Common marmoset245,000,000Callithrix jacchus[30]
Cat250,000,000Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus[36]
Brown bear251,000,000Ursus arctos[36]
Cockatiel258,000,000Nymphicus hollandicus[32]
Capybara306,500,000Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris[27]
Tarsius310,000,000Genus Tarsius, unknown species[166]
Eastern rosella333,000,000Platycercus eximius[32]
Goeldi's marmoset357,130,000Callimico goeldii[34]
Monk parakeet396,000,000Myiopsitta monachus[32]
Springbok396,900,000Antidorcas marsupialis[39]
Azure-winged magpie400,000,000Cyanopica cyanus[32]
Common hill myna410,000,000Gracula religiosa[32]
Domesticated pig425,000,000Sus scrofa[48]
Barn owl437,000,000Tyto alba[32]
Emu439,000,000Dromaius novaehollandiae[32]
Three-striped night monkey442,000,000Aotus trivirgatus[2]
Eurasian magpie443,000,000Pica pica[32]
Raccoon453,000,000Procyon lotor[49]
Western jackdaw492,000,000Coloeus monedula[32]
Striped hyena495,000,000Hyaena hyaena[36]
Eurasian jay529,000,000Garrulus glandarius[32]
Dog530,000,000Canis lupus familiaris[36]
Lion545,000,000Panthera leo[36]
Blesbok570,670,000Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi[39]
Alexandrine parakeet575,000,000Psittacula eupatria[32]
Tanimbar corella599,000,000Cacatua goffiniana[32]
Gracile capuchin monkey650,000,000Genus Cebus, unknown species[50]
Greater kudu762,570,000Tragelaphus strepsiceros[39]
Crab-eating macaque800,960,000Macaca fascicularis[34]
Rook820,000,000Corvus frugilegus[32]
Grey parrot850,000,000Psittacus erithacus[32]
Tufted capuchin1,100,000,000Sapajus apella[2]
Sulphur-crested cockatoo1,135,000,000Cacatua galerita[32]
Horse1,200,000,000Equus ferus caballus[28]
Raven1,200,000,000Corvus corax[32]
Kea1,281,000,000Nestor notabilis[32]
Common squirrel monkey1,340,000,000Saimiri sciureus[30]
Bonnet macaque1,660,000,000Macaca radiata[34]
Rhesus macaque1,710,000,000Macaca mulatta[51]
Giraffe1,730,000,000Giraffa camelopardalis[39]
Blue and yellow macaw1,900,000,000Ara ararauna[32]
Guenon2,500,000,000Genus Cercopithecus, unknown species[52]
Yellow baboon2,880,000,000Papio cynocephalus[34]
African elephant5,600,000,000Loxodonta africana[45]
Harp seal6,100,000,000Pagophilus groenlandicus[53]
Chimpanzee6,200,000,000Pan troglodytes[13]
Orangutan8,900,000,000Genus Pongo, unknown species[41]
Gorilla9,100,000,000Gorilla gorilla[41]
False killer whale10,500,000,000Pseudorca crassidens[28]
Common minke whale12,800,000,000Balaenoptera acutorostrata[54]
Harbor porpoise14,900,000,000Phocoena phocoena[53]
Fin whale15,000,000,000Balaenoptera physalus[55]
Human16,000,000,000Homo sapiens: (For average adult)
"The human cerebral cortex, with an average 1233 g and 16 billion neurons, is slightly below expectations for a primate brain of 1.5 kg, while the human cerebellum, at 154 g and 69 billion neurons, matches or even slightly exceeds the expected"		[42][2][56]
Long-finned pilot whale37,200,000,000Globicephala melas: "For the first time, we show that a species of dolphin has more neocortical neurons than any mammal studied to date including humans."[57]

See also

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
  • Lists of animals
  • Brain size
  • Brain-to-body mass ratio
{{col-2}}
  • Connectome
  • Connectomics
  • Cranial capacity
{{col-end}}

References

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{{animal cognition}}

4 : Lists of animals|Biology-related lists|Animal nervous system|Animal cognition
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