释义 |
- Mythological First Danyawaddy (2666–825 BCE) Second Danyawaddy (825 BCE–146 CE) Third Danyawaddy (146–788)
- Wethali (788–1018)
- Lemro (1018–1430) Pyinsa (1018–1103) Parin (1103–1167) Khrit (1167–1180) Second Pyinsa (1180–1237) Launggyet (1237–1406) Interregnum (1406–1429) North Arakan Sandoway (Thandwe)
- Mrauk-U (1429–1785)
- See also
- References
- Bibliography
- External sources
The following is a list of monarchs of Arakan. The dates before the Mrauk-U period (1429–1785) are unattested. MythologicalFirst Danyawaddy (2666–825 BCE)Monarch | Reign | Relationship | Notes |
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Mara Yu | 2666–2604 | Mara Zi I | 2604–2572 | son | Mara Onlin | 2572–2519 | son | Mara Rwaylin | 2519–2471 | son | Mara Bin | 2471–2416 | son | Mara Zi II | 2416–2383 | son | Mara Kin | 2383–2351 | son | Nga Sha Po | 2351–2330 | usurper | Dwara Sanda | 2330–2290 | son of Mara Kin | Thola Sanda | 2290–2257 | son | Sanda Thuriya Sanda | 2257–2220 | son | Kala Sanda | 2220–2180 | son | Ti Sanda | 2180–2149 | son | Madhutha Sanda | 2149–2129 | son | Zeya Sanda | 2129–2089 | nephew | Mokkha Sanda | 2089–2063 | son | Gunna Sanda | 2063–2051 | son | Three Nobles | 2051–2050 | usurpers; reigned 7 days, 3 months, and 8 months successively | Kan Raza I | 2050–2009 | grandson of Gunna Sanda | Kan Raza II | 2009–1973 | brother | Athurinda Thuriya | 1973–1938 | uncle | Tharameta | 1938–1880 | son | Thuriya | 1880–1849 | son | Min Thi | 1849–1827 | brother | Min Ba | 1827–1805 | son | Si Aung | 1805–1777 | son | Tataingthin | 1777–1746 | brother | Kyaw-Khaung Win | 1746–1715 | son | Thuriya Nandameit | 1715–1694 | son | Athu Yindabaya | 1694–1663 | son | Letya Sithugyi | 1663–1631 | son | Thihaka | 1631–1588 | son | Min Bun Than | 1588–1557 | son | Thayet Hmwe | 1557–1508 | son | Zeya Nandathu | 1508–1457 | son | Tekkathu | 1457–1411 | son | Lekkhana | 1411–1374 | son | Gunnarit | 1374–1326 | son | Thiwarit | 1326–1285 | son | Min Hla Hmwe | 1285–1254 | son | Marinda | 1254–1192 | son | Theiddat Kumara | 1192–1170 | son | Min Hla I | 1170–1123 | son | Min Hla II | 1123–1099 | brother | Nga Sarit | 1099–1061 | son | Myet-hna Wun | 1061–1030 | son | Let Thut Kyi | 1030–1003 | son | Thiri Kamma Thunda | 1003–972 | brother | Nanda Kotabaya | 972–945 | son | Min Nan Phyu | 945–925 | son | Min Manu | 925–897 | son | Minkhaung | 897–878 | son | Laukkhaung Raza | 878–838 | son | Min Nge Pyaw-Hla-Si | 838–832 | son | Three nobles | 832–825 | usurpers |
Second Danyawaddy (825 BCE–146 CE)Monarch | Reign | Relationship | Notes |
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Kan Raza III | 825–788 | Thila Raza | 788–740 | son | Wasa Thura | 740–709 | son | Nandawi Thura | 709–669 | son | Puna Thuriya | 669–637 | son | Thuranda | 637–614 | son | Sandima | 614–577 | son | Thiri Sanda | 577–537 | son | Thiha Ran | 537–491 | brother | Thiha Nu | 491–471 | son | Payaka | 471–440 | son | Nela Gun | 440–399 | son | Rohaha Gun | 399–368 | son | Thiri Gun | 368–344 | son | Thamaza | 344–309 | nephew | Kummara | 309–289 | son | Thet Htin Phyu | 289–249 | son | Tha Bin U | 249–207 | son | Teza Wun | 207–171 | brother | Munzayaba | 171–137 | son | Kummara Withuddi | 137–50 | uncle | Wathu Mun Dala | 50–16 | son | Thurinda | 16 BCE–15 CE | son | Ralamayu | 15–37 | brother | Nalamayu | 37–68 | son | Wada Gun | 68–90 | son | Withu Raza | 90–111 | son | Thiri Raza | 111–146 | son |
Third Danyawaddy (146–788)Monarch | Reign | Relationship | Notes |
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Sanda Thuriya | 146–198 | Thuriya Dipati | 198–245 | son | Thuriya Patipat | 245–298 | son | Thuriya Rupa | 298–313 | son | Thuriya Mandala | 313–375 | son | Thuriya Wunna | 375–418 | son | Thuriya Natha | 418–459 | son | Thuriya Wuntha | 459–468 | son | Thuriya Banda | 468–474 | son | Thuriya Kalyana | 474–492 | son | Thuriya Mokkha | 492–513 | son | Thuriya Teza | 513–544 | son | Thuriya Ponnya | 544–552 | son | Thuriya Kala | 552–575 | son | Thuriya Pabba | 575–600 | son | Thuriya Sitya | 600–618 | son | Thuriya Thehta | 618–640 | son | Thuriya Wimala | 640–648 | son | Thuriya Renu | 648–670 | brother | Thuriya Gantha | 670–686 | son | Thuriya Thagya | 686–694 | uncle | Thuriya Thiri | 694–714 | son | Thuriya Kethi | 714–723 | son | Thuriya Kutta | 723–746 | son | Thuriya Ketu | 746–788 | son |
Wethali (788–1018)Monarch | Reign | Relationship | Notes |
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Maha Taing Sanda | 788–810 | Thuriya Taing Sanda | 810–830 | son | Mawla Taing Sanda | 830–849 | son | Pawla Taing Sanda | 849–875 | son | Kala Taing Sanda | 875–884 | son | Tula Taing Sanda | 884–903 | son | Thiri Taing Sanda | 903–935 | son | Thinkha Taing Sanda | 935–951 | son | Chula Taing Sanda | 951–957 | son | Amyahtu | 957–964 | Chief of Myu people | Pe Phyu | 964–994 | nephew | Nga Pin Nga Ton | 994–1018 | son of Chula Taing Sanda |
Lemro (1018–1430)Pyinsa (1018–1103)Monarch | Reign | Relationship | Notes |
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Khittathin | 1018–1028 | grandnephew of Chula Taing Sanda | Sandathin | 1028–1039 | brother | Min Yin Phyu | 1039–1049 | son | Naga Thuriya | 1049–1052 | son | Thuriya Raza | 1052–1054 | Ponnaka | 1054–1058 | Min Phyugyi | 1058–1060 | Sithabin | 1060–1061 | usurper | Min Nangyi | 1061–1066 | son of Min Phyugyi | Min Lade | 1066–1072 | Min Kala | 1072–1075 | Min Bilu | 1075–1078 | Thinkhaya | 1078–1092 | usurper | Min Than | 1092–1100 | son | Min Pati | 1100–1103 | son |
Parin (1103–1167)Monarch | Reign | Relationship | Notes |
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Letya Min Nan | 1103–1109 | grandson of Min Bilu | Pagan nominee; 1118 ascension per Pagan dates | Thihaba | 1109–1110 | son | Razagyi | 1110–1112 | Thagiwin I | 1112–1115 | Thagiwin II | 1115–1133 | Kawliya | 1133–1153 | Datharaza | 1153–1165 | Ananthiri | 1165–1167 |
Khrit (1167–1180)Monarch | Reign | Relationship | Notes |
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Minonsa | 1167–1174 | brother | Pyinsakawa | 1174–1176 | son | Keinnayok | 1176–1179 | son | Salinkabo | 1179–1180 | usurper |
Second Pyinsa (1180–1237)Monarch | Reign | Relationship | Notes |
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Misuthin | 1180–1191 | son of Pyinsakawa | Ngaranman | 1191–1193 | son | Ngapogan | 1193–1195 | son | Ngarakhaing | 1195–1198 | Ngakyon | 1198–1201 | Ngasu | 1201–1205 | Swe Thin | 1205–1206 | Minkhaung I | 1206–1207 | Minkhaung II | 1207–1208 | Kabalaung I | 1208–1209 | Kabalaung II | 1209–1210 | Letya I | 1210–1218 | Letya II | 1218–1229 | Thanabin | 1229–1232 | Nganathin | 1232–1234 | Nganalon | 1234–1237 |
Launggyet (1237–1406)Monarch | Reign | Relationship | Notes |
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Alawmaphyu | 1237–1243 | son | Razathu I | 1243–1246 | son | Saw Lu | 1246–1251 | son | Uzana I | 1251–1260 | son | Saw Mon I | 1260–1268 | son | Nankyagyi | 1268–1272 | son | Min Bilu | 1272–1276 | son | Sithabin I | 1276–1279 | usurper | Min Hti | 1279–1373 | son of Min Bilu | Saw Mon II | 1373–1380 | Ava's nominee | Saw Me | 1380–1385 | Ava's nominee | Uzana II | 1385–1387 | of the royal blood | Thiwarit | 1387–1390 | brother | Thinhse | 1390–1394 | brother | Razathu II | 1394–1395 | son | Sithabin II | 1395–1397 | usurper | Myinhseingyi | 1397 | usurper | Razathu | 1397–1401 | restored | Theinkhathu | 1401–1404 | brother | Saw Mon III | 1404–1406 | nephew | son of Razathu II |
Interregnum (1406–1429)North ArakanName | Image | Reign From | Reign Until | Relationship with predecessor(s) |
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Anawrahta | after 29 November 1406 | March 1408 | Ava's vassal | Min Khayi or Min Saw Mon | March 1408 | early 1411 | Hanthawaddy's vassal Min Khayi per Rakhine Razawin Thit;[1] Min Saw Mon, per Razadarit Ayedawbon[1] | Thray Sithu | 1408 [sic] | 1409 [sic] | Vassal ruler of Ava per Rakhine Razawin Thit;[2] Not found in Burmese chronicles, which say Arakan was not under Ava rule during this period | Letya | early 1411 | early 1412 | Governor-general of North Arakan (Ava's vassal) | Naranu | 1412 | 18 April 1429 | Ruler at Launnggyet (Hanthawaddy's vassal to 1421) | Kyaswa | 1413 | 1416 | Ruler at Khway-Thin Taung (Ava's vassal) according to Rakhine Razawin Thit;[2] not found in Burmese chronicles |
Sandoway (Thandwe)Name | Image | Reign From | Reign Until | Relationship with predecessor(s) |
---|
Sokkate | early 1411 | early 1412 | Governor-general of Sandoway (Ava's vassal) | Thon-Ywa-Za | 1412? | 1436? | Hanthawaddy's vassal to 1421 | Saw Yin Mi Saw Yandameit Baya Minye | 1436? | 1437 | Co-regents |
Mrauk-U (1429–1785)The reign dates are per the Arakanese chronicle Rakhine Razawin Thit (Sandamala Linkara Vol. 2 1931), converted into Western dates using (Eade 1989). (Some Arakanese chronicles state the foundation of the kingdom a year later, 1430. Moreover, the end of the kingdom is given per Burmese records, 2 January 1785. Arakanese records give a day earlier, 1 January 1785.) Name | Image | Reign From | Reign Until | Relationship with predecessor(s) |
---|
Saw Mon | 18 April 1429 | 9 May 1433 | Founder | Khayi | 9 May 1433 | c. January 1459 | Brother | Ba Saw Phyu | c. January 1459 | 5 August 1482 | Son | Dawlya | 5 August 1482 | c. February 1492 | Son | Ba Saw Nyo | c. February 1492 | c. January 1494 | Uncle, son of Khayi | Ran Aung | c. January 1494 | c. July 1494 | Nephew, son of Dawlya | Salingathu | c. July 1494 | February 1502 | Maternal uncle | Raza | February 1502 | c. November 1513 | Son | Gazapati | c. November 1513 | January 1515 | Son | Saw O | January 1515 | July 1515 | Granduncle; brother of Salingathu | Thazata | July 1515 | c. April 1521 | Son of Dawlya | Minkhaung | c. April 1521 | 27 May 1531 | Brother | Min Bin | 27 May 1531 | 11 January 1554 | Son of Min Raza | Dikkha | 11 January 1554 | 6 March 1556 | Son | Saw Hla | 6 March 1556 | 24 July 1564 | Son | Sekkya | 24 July 1564 | 7 February 1572 | Brother | Hpalaung | 7 February 1572 | 4 July 1593 | Son of Min Bin | Razagri | 4 July 1593 | 4 July 1612 | Son | Khamaung | 4 July 1612 | 14 May 1622 | Son | Thiri Thudhamma | 14 May 1622 | 29 May 1638 | Son | Sanay | 29 May 1638 | 17 June 1638 | Son | Narapati | 17 June 1638 | 13 December 1645 | Great grandson of Min Bin | Thado | 13 December 1645 | c. May 1652 | Son | Sanda Thudhamma | c. May 1652 | 11 June 1674 | Son | Oaggar Bala | 11 June 1674 | 16 April 1685 | Son | Wara Dhamma | 16 April 1685 | 20 June 1692 | Brother | Mani Dhamma | 20 June 1692 | 20 December 1694 | Elder brother | Sanda Thuriya I | 20 December 1694 | 4 August 1696 | Brother | Nawrahta | 4 August 1696 | 18 August 1696 | Son | Mayuppiya | 18 August 1696 | 13 May 1697 | Usurper | Kalamandat | 16 May 1697 | 5 June 1698 | Usurper | Naradipati | 5 June 1698 | 17 June 1700 | Son of Sanda Thuriya | Sanda Wimala I | 18 June 1700 | 30 March 1707 | Grandson of Thado | Sanda Thuriya II | 3 April 1707 | September 1710 | Grandson of Sanda Thudhamma | Interregnum ~2 months | Sanda Wizaya | November 1710 | April 1731 | Usurper | Sanda Thuriya III | April 1731 | 1734 | Son-in-law | Naradipati II | 1734 | 1735 | Son | Narapawara | 1735 | September 1737 | Usurper | Sanda Wizala | September 1737 | 25 March 1738 | Cousin | Madarit | 28 March 1738 | 6 February 1743 | Brother | Nara Apaya | 6 February 1743 | 28 October 1761 | Uncle | Thirithu | 28 October 1761 | 3 February 1762 | Son | Sanda Parama | 3 February 1762 | 1 May 1764 | Brother | Apaya | 1 May 1764 | 17 January 1774 | Brother-in-law | Sanda Thumana | 17 January 1774 | 5 May 1777 | Brother-in-law | Sanda Wimala II | 6 May 1777 | 5 June 1777 | Usurper | Sanda Thaditha | 5 June 1777 | 1 December 1782 | Usurper | Maha Thammada | 2 December 1782 | 2 January 1785 | Usurper |
See also- List of Burmese monarchs
- List of heirs to the Burmese thrones
References1. ^Pan Hla 2005: 240 2. ^1 2 RRT Vol. 2 1999: 10
Bibliography- {{cite book | last=Harvey | first=G. E.| title=History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 | publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd | year=1925 | location = London}}
- {{cite book | last=Pan Hla | first=Nai | title=Razadarit Ayedawbon | language=Burmese | year=1968 | edition=8th printing, 2005 | location=Yangon | publisher=Armanthit Sarpay}}
- {{cite book | last=Phayre | first=Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. | title=History of Burma | year=1883 | edition=1967 | publisher=Susil Gupta | location=London}}
- {{cite book | author=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | title=Hmannan Yazawin | volume=1–3 | year=1832 | location=Yangon | language=Burmese | edition=2003 | publisher=Ministry of Information, Myanmar}}
- {{cite book | last=Sandamala Linkara | first=Ashin | title=Rakhine Yazawinthit Kyan | year= 1931 | edition=1997 | publisher=Tetlan Sarpay | language=Burmese | volume=1–2 | location=Yangon}}
External sources- {{cite book | last=Charney | first=Michael W.| title= 'Where Jambudipa and Islamdom Converged: Religious Change and the Emergence of Buddhist Communalism in Early Modern Arakan, 15th-19th Centuries.' PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan | year=1999 }}
- {{cite book | last=Charney | first=Michael W.| title= 'Arakan, Min Yazagyi, and the Portuguese: The Relationship Between the Growth of Arakanese Imperial Power and Portuguese Mercenaries on the Fringe of Mainland Southeast Asia 1517-1617.' Masters dissertation, Ohio University | year=1993 }}
- {{cite book | last=Leider | first=Jacques P.| title= 'Le Royaume d’Arakan, Birmanie. Son histoire politique entre le début du XVe et la fin du XVIIe siècle,' Paris, EFEO | year=2004 }}
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