“List of Assyrian settlements”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The following is a list of Assyrian settlements in the Middle East subsequent to the Assyrian genocide in 1914. This list includes settlement of Assyrians from Southeastern Turkey who left their ancient tribes in Hakkari (or the historical Hakkari region), Sirnak and Mardin province^[2] due to torment, violence and displacement by the Ottomans in the First World War. Many Assyrians from Urmia, Iran were also affected and as such have emigrated and settled in other towns. Resettling again occurred during the Simele massacre in northern Iraq, perpetrated by the Iraqi military coup in the 1930s, with many fleeing to northeastern Syria.^[3]

Most modern resettlement is located in Iraq,^[4] Syria and Iran in the cities of Baghdad, Habbaniyah, Kirkuk, Duhok, Al-Hasakah, Tehran and Damascus. Few Assyrian settlements exist in Turkey today and also in the Caucasus. The exodus to the cities or towns of these aforementioned countries occurred between late 1910s and 1930s.^[5]^[6] After the Iraq War in 2003, a number of Assyrians in Baghdad relocated to Northern Iraq, repopulating parts of Iraqi Kurdistan, in what they now call the "Assyrian homeland".^[7] Many others have immigrated to North America, Europe and Australia, especially in the late 20th century and 21st century.^[8] Currently, there are a number of settlements on this list that have been abandoned due to persecution, conflict, and other causes.^[9]

Iraq

Al Anbar Governorate

Baghdad Province

Dohuk Province

Erbil Province

Kirkuk Governorate

Nineveh Province

Abandoned villages

Iran

West Azarbaijan Province

Iranian Kurdistan

Tehran Province

Syria

Assyrians immigrated to Syria during the 1930s and 1940s, from Northern Iraq, after they were slaughtered and displaced during the Simele Massacre perpetrated by the armed forces of the Kingdom of Iraq.^[40] Many Assyrians in Syria did not have Syrian citizenship and title to their land until late 1940s.^[41]

Al-Hasakah Governorate

Damascus Governorate

Note- Ma'loula and neighboring Muslim-majority villages Jubb'adin and Al-Sarkha are the only villages left where a majority of the population speak the Western Aramaic dialects

Homs Governorate

Turkey

Adıyaman Province

Diyarbakır Province

Elazığ province

Mardin province

Şırnak Province

Şanlıurfa Province

Van Province

Hakkari Province

Armenia

The Assyrian population in Armenia is mainly rural. Out of 3,409 Assyrians in Armenia 2,885 (84.6%) was rural and 524 (15.4%) urban.^[45]

According to the Council of Europe European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages there were four rural settlements with significant Assyrian population.

Ararat Province

Armavir Province

Kotayk Province

See also

References

1. ^Richard Spencer, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11022879/Iraq-crisis-The-streets-of-Erbils-newly-Christian-suburb-are-now-full-of-helpless-people.html Iraq crisis: The streets of Erbil’s newly Christian suburb are now full of helpless people], The Daily Telegraph, August 08, 2014
2. ^Wigram, W.A., "The Ashiret Highlands of Hakkari (Mesopotamia)," Royal Central Asian Society Journal, 1916, Vol. III, pg. 40. -- The Assyrians and their Neighbors (London, 1929)
3. ^M.Y.A . Lilian, Assyrians Of The Van District During The Rule Of Ottoman Turks, 1914
4. ^Map of Assyrian villages in Iraq http://aina.org/maps/villagesbyyear.htm
5. ^Information on Assyrians in Iraq
6. ^Smith, Gary N., From Urmia to the Stanislau: a cultural-historical-geography of Assyrian Christians in the Middle East and America (Davis, 1981)
7. ^Dalley, Stephanie (1993). "Nineveh After 612 BC." Alt-Orientanlische Forshchungen 20. P.134.
8. ^Assyrian villages in Hakkari Assyrian villages in Hakkari
9. ^{{cite news|last1=Costa-Roberts|first1=Daniel|title=8 things you didn’t know about Assyrian Christians|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/8-things-didnt-know-assyrian-christians/|accessdate=6 July 2015|publisher=PBS|date=15 March 2015}}
10. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11307515/Iraq-crisis-The-last-Christians-of-Dora.html The Telegraph: Iraq crisis: The Last Christians of Dora]
11. ^Meho & Maglaughlin (2001), p. 267
12. ^¹²³Eshoo (2004), p. 9
13. ^OCP Media Network: Assyrian Church Prelates Visit the Historic Village of Sarsing in Northern Iraq
14. ^Eshoo (2004), p. 8
15. ^¹²Eshoo (2004), p. 11
16. ^¹Eshoo (2004), p. 7
17. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Baz
18. ^¹²Eshoo (2004), p. 10
19. ^Eshoo (2004), p. 13
20. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Beqolke
21. ^¹Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Dere
22. ^¹²Eshoo (2004), p. 5
23. ^¹Eshoo (2004), p. 4
24. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Ayit
25. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporations: Jelek
26. ^¹Eshoo (2004), p. 6
27. ^Eshoo (2004), p. 12
28. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Mangesh
29. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Tashish
30. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Mar Yakoo
31. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Shezi or Sheyouz
32. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Der Shish
33. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: QaraWola
34. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Bedyel
35. ^Ishtar Broadcasting Corporation: Jambur
36. ^Eshoo (2004), p. 11
37. ^Eshoo (2004), p. 5
38. ^Eshoo (2004), p. 6
39. ^Eshoo (2004), p. 4
40. ^Rowlands, J., "The Khabur Valley," Royal Central Asian Society Journal, 1947, pp. 144-149.
41. ^Betts, Robert Brenton, Christians in the Arab East (Atlanta, 1978)
42. ^{{cite web |title=ديريك - قرية بره بيت : تحت حماية قوى الامن السريانية السوتورو |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9f024REcitI |website=YouTube |language=ar}}
43. ^{{cite web |title=قوات السوتورو تقوم بحماية احتفالات قرية بره بيت بمناسبة عيد السيدة العذرا لمباركة الزروع |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwVCGh1Yimw |website=YouTube |language=ar}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mardintravel.com/omerli/|title=Ömerli|author=Mardin Travel|work=Mardin Travel}}
45. ^COE - Ethnic minorities in Armenia