| 词条 | Càrn Eige |
| 释义 |
| name = Càrn Eige | photo = Carn_Eighe_from_Mam_Sodhail.jpg | photo_caption = Càrn Eige seen from the large cairn on Mam Sodhail. | elevation_m = 1183 | elevation_ref = [1] | prominence = c. 1148 m Ranked 2nd in British Isles | parent_peak = Ben Nevis | listing = Marilyn, Munro, Hardy, County top (Ross and Cromarty) | translation = File hill or Notch hill | language = Gaelic | pronunciation = {{IPA-gd|ˈkʰaːrˠn̪ˠ ˈekʲə|lang}} English approximation: {{respell|karn|EK|yə}} | location = Glen Affric, Scotland | grid_ref_UK = NH123262 | topo = OS Landranger 25 }} Càrn Eige, sometimes spelt Càrn Eighe, is a mountain in the north of Scotland. At an elevation of {{convert|1183|m|ft}} above sea level, it is the highest mountain in northern Scotland (north of the Great Glen), the twelfth-highest summit above sea level in the British Isles, and, in terms of relative height (topographic prominence), it is the second-tallest mountain in the British Isles after Ben Nevis (its "parent peak" for determination of topographic prominence).{{sfn|Dawson|1992}} The highpoint of the historic county of Ross and Cromarty, it is the twin summit of the massif, being mirrored by the {{convert|1181|m|ft|adj=on}} Mam Sodhail, to the south on the same ridge. Administratively, it is in the Highland council area, on the boundary between the historic counties of Inverness and Ross and Cromarty, on the former lands of the Clan Chisholm. The mountain is difficult to access, being {{convert|10|km|mi}} from the nearest road, and its sub-peak to the north is even more inaccessible. EtymologyThe name "Càrn Eige" comes from the Scottish Gaelic language, and probably means either File Hill or Notch Hill. An alternative translation, if it were to be called "Càrn Eigh", would be the Hill of Ice; this would make it the only Scottish mountain with the word "ice" in its name.{{sfn|Drummond|Stewart|1991|p=13}} GeographyTopographyThe summit is pyramid-shaped, the culmination of three ridges meeting in an equilateral configuration. The nearest Munro is its "twin summit", Mam Sodhail, about {{convert|1|km|mi}} to the southwest,[2] and there are three other Munros on the massif. Beinn Fhionnlaidh ends a spur to the north, and there is a much longer grassy ridge running out to the east, which after {{convert|4.5|km|mi}} leads to Tom a' Choinich ({{convert|1112|m|ft}}) and then after a similar distance culminates in the rather bland summit of Toll Creagach, at {{convert|1054|m|ft}}.[3] As well as the five Munros topping the massif, there are a further 10 subsidiary minor summits, known as "Munro Tops".{{sfn|Kew|2012|p=163}} This ridge lies roughly equidistant between two lochs, Loch Affric/Loch Beinn a' Mheadhoin to the south, and the larger Loch Mullardoch to the north.[2] Opposing several lower summits across Loch Mullardoch, the highest being Sgurr na Lapaich at {{convert|1150|m|ft}}, it dominates the area, being the highest summit in the region. To the north of the summit, there is an impressive glacial corrie that falls half a kilometre to the shores of Corrie Lochan.{{sfn|Muir|2011|p=175}} GeologyCàrn Eige lies in the north-west highlands, north of the Great Glen Fault. Discontinuous sheets of West Highland granite gneiss stretch up from this fault through Glen Affric.{{sfn|Harris|Gibbons|1994|p=23}} Summit panorama{{wide image|Carn Eige Scotland - Full Panorama from Summit - labeled.png|1600px|alt=The panorama from the summit}}HistoryIn 1848, the mountain was climbed by Colonel Winzer of the Ordnance Survey, who discovered a pile of stones and deduced that it had been climbed earlier, although a local gamekeeper suggested it was a shelter (bothy) for watchers.{{sfn|Townsend|2010|p=368}} In 1891 Sir Hugh Munro, 4th Baronet listed Càrn Eige in his Munro Tables, in which it has remained.[3] The full set of Munros has been "completed" at least 5,000 times since then. Flora and faunaTypical of the Scottish Highlands, the slopes of the mountain are largely treeless, especially at higher altitudes. The mountain is instead clad in a variety of grasses and mosses, which towards the summit are covered by snow during parts of the year. The lower slopes are described by Muir as "boggy, sodden moorland".{{sfn|Muir|2011|p=177}} The base of the southern side of the mountain, adjacent to Loch Affric, is wooded with Scots pine interspersed with other species such as oak, birch, and beech.{{sfn|Uney|2009|p=177}} These woods are inhabited by a number of endemic fauna, including the crested tit and the Scottish crossbill.{{sfn|Uney|2009|p=182}} LocationSituated in the north of Scotland, Càrn Eige is on the border of two historic counties, Inverness and Ross and Cromarty, and is the highest point of the latter.{{sfn|Muir|2011|p=175}} The mountain is very remote, more than {{convert|10|km|mi}} from the nearest road, in Glen Affric,[4] although there is a youth hostel (Alltbeithe){{sfn|Bennet|Strang|1990|p=131}} in the same valley that is nearer. The summit is at UK grid reference NH123261,{{sfn|Kew|2012|p=164}} which falls on the OS Landranger 25 map, the OS Explorer series 414–5, and the much larger area map 9.{{sfn|Kew|2012|p=161}} AscentsThe mountain can be ascended from the south, beginning at Loch Affric, up the north side of Gleann nam Fiadh (fording a stream) and reaching the summit of both Càrn Eige itself{{sfn|Bennet|Strang|1990|p=138}} and then Mam Sodhail in either clockwise or anticlockwise fashion (route described anticlockwise), potentially including Beinn Fhionnlaidh as an extra, since this is relatively difficult to access in any other way.[2]{{sfn|Muir|2011|p=176–7}} The summit is marked by an Ordnance Survey triangulation pillar (trig point) and a cairn. Including only the three principal Munros (i.e. excluding the two summits to the east), a successful ascent of this mountain might take between 9 and 10 hours.{{sfn|Kew|2012|p=161}} There is also a route to the summit from the north, via Beinn Fhionnlaidh, starting from a boat-accessible spot on Loch Mullardoch.{{sfn|Bailey|2012|p=102}} ReferencesFootnotes1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.walkhighlands.co.uk/munros/carn-eige |title= walkhighlands Carn Eige |author= |year=2014 |publisher=walkhighlands.co.uk |accessdate=9 January 2014}} 2. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.munromagic.com/MountainInfo.cfm?Mountain=12|title=Carn Eige|accessdate=1 January 2014}} 3. ^{{Cite web|accessdate=1 January 2014|url=http://www.mountainsofscotland.co.uk/Maps/map1891munros.htm|title=1891 Munro Map|publisher=Mountains of Scotland}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.mountainhiking.org.uk/scotland-mountains/cannich/cannich1.shtml|title=Glen Affric|work=Scotland Mountain Guide|accessdate=1 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101142728/http://www.mountainhiking.org.uk/scotland-mountains/cannich/cannich1.shtml|archivedate=1 January 2014|df=}} Bibliography
External links{{commons|Carn Eige}}
7 : Ross and Cromarty|Marilyns of Scotland|Hardys of Scotland|Munros|Mountains and hills of the Northwest Highlands|Highest points of historic Scottish counties|One-thousanders of the British Isles |
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