| 词条 | List of birds of the Dominican Republic |
| 释义 |
This is a list of the bird species recorded in the Dominican Republic. The avifauna of the Dominican Republic include a total of 319 species, according to Bird Checklists of the World as of June 2018.[1] One additional species has been added through eBird.[2] Of the 320 species, one is endemic, 16 have been introduced by humans, and 78 are rare or accidental. An additional 28 species are endemic to the island of Hispaniola which the Dominican Republic shares with Haiti. One species on the list is extinct and another has been extirpated. This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2018 edition.[3] The following tags have been used to highlight several categories of occurrence.
Ducks, geese, and waterfowlOrder: Anseriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AnatidaeAnatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
GuineafowlOrder: Galliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: NumididaeGuineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled gray plumage.
New World quailOrder: Galliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: OdontophoridaeThe New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
Pheasants, grouse, and alliesOrder: Galliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhasianidaeThe Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls, and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
FlamingosOrder: Phoenicopteriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhoenicopteridaeFlamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually {{convert|3|to|5|ft|m|1}} tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
GrebesOrder: Podicipediformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PodicipedidaeGrebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
Pigeons and dovesOrder: Columbiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ColumbidaePigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Cuckoos and anisOrder: Cuculiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CuculidaeThe family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.
Nightjars and alliesOrder: Caprimulgiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CaprimulgidaeNightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
PotoosOrder: Caprimulgiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: NyctibiidaeThe potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.
SwiftsOrder: Caprimulgiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ApodidaeSwifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
HummingbirdsOrder: Caprimulgiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TrochilidaeHummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
Rails, crakes, gallinules, and cootsOrder: Gruiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: RallidaeRallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
LimpkinOrder: Gruiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AramidaeThe limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.
Thick-kneesOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: BurhinidaeThe thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
Stilts and avocetsOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: RecurvirostridaeRecurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
OystercatchersOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: HaematopodidaeThe oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
Plovers and lapwingsOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CharadriidaeThe family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
JacanasOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: JacanidaeThe jacanas are a group of waders which are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
Sandpipers and alliesOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ScolopacidaeScolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
JaegersOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: StercorariidaeThe family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
Gulls, terns, and skimmersOrder: Charadriiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: LaridaeLaridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
TropicbirdsOrder: Phaethontiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhaethontidaeTropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
Southern storm-petrelsOrder: Procellariiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: OceanitidaeThe storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
Northern storm-petrelsOrder: Procellariiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: HydrobatidaeThough the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
Shearwaters and petrelsOrder: Procellariiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ProcellariidaeThe procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
StorksOrder: Ciconiiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CiconiidaeStorks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
FrigatebirdsOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: FregatidaeFrigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Boobies and gannetsOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: SulidaeThe sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
AnhingasOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AnhingidaeDarters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
CormorantsOrder: Suliformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhalacrocoracidaePhalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful.
PelicansOrder: Pelecaniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PelecanidaePelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
Bitterns, herons, and egretsOrder: Pelecaniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ArdeidaeThe family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.
Ibises and spoonbillsOrder: Pelecaniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ThreskiornithidaeThreskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
New World vulturesOrder: Cathartiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CathartidaeThe New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion.
OspreyOrder: Accipitriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PandionidaeThe family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Hawks, kites, and eaglesOrder: Accipitriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AccipitridaeAccipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
Barn-owlsOrder: Strigiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TytonidaeBarn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Typical owlsOrder: Strigiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: StrigidaeThe typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
TrogonsOrder: Trogoniformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TrogonidaeThe family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage.
TodiesOrder: Coraciiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TodidaeTodies are a group of small near-passerine forest species endemic to the Caribbean. These birds have colorful plumage and resemble small kingfishers, but have flattened bills with serrated edges. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards.
KingfishersOrder: Coraciiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: AlcedinidaeKingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
WoodpeckersOrder: Piciformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PicidaeWoodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
FalconsOrder: Falconiformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: FalconidaeFalconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
New World and African parrotsOrder: Psittaciformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PsittacidaeParrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.
Tyrant flycatchersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TyrannidaeTyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
VireosOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: VireonidaeThe vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in color and resemble New World warblers apart from their heavier bills.
CrowsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CorvidaeThe family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
Swallows and martinsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: HirundinidaeThe family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
GnatcatchersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PolioptilidaeThese dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails.
KingletsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: RegulidaeThe kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.
Thrushes and alliesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: TurdidaeThe thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Mockingbirds and thrashersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: MimidaeThe mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns.
Wagtails and pipitsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: MotacillidaeMotacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.
WaxwingsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: BombycillidaeThe waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
PalmchatOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: DulidaeThe palmchat is the only member of its family. Its name indicates its strong association with palms for feeding, roosting, and nesting.
Finches, euphonias, and alliesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: FringillidaeFinches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
New World sparrowsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PasserellidaeUntil 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
Chat-tanagersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: SpindalidaeThese two species were formerly classified as tanagers (family Thraupidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.
Hispaniolan tanagersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PhaenicophilidaeThe members of this small family were formerly classified as tanagers and New World warblers (family Parulidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.
SpindalisesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: SpindalidaeThe members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. They were formerly classified as tanagers but were placed in their own family in 2017.
Yellow-breasted chatOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: IcteriidaeThis species was historically placed in the New World warblers but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was moved to its own family in 2017.
IcteridsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: IcteridaeThe icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
New World warblersOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ParulidaeThe New World warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Cardinals and alliesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: CardinalidaeThe cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
Tanagers and alliesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ThraupidaeThe tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings.
Old World sparrowsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PasseridaeSparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
Weavers and alliesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: PloceidaeThe weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, and some species show variation in color only in the breeding season.
Waxbills and alliesOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: EstrildidaeThe estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.
IndigobirdsOrder: Passeriformes{{nbsp|3}}Family: ViduidaeThe indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches.
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN&p2=1&list=clements&synlang=®ion=DO&version=text&lifelist=&highlight=0 |title=Checklist of birds of the Dominican Republic |last=Lepage |first=Denis |date=10 June 2018 |website= |publisher=Avibase bird checklists of the world |access-date=21 August 2018 |quote=}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://ebird.org/ebird/barchart?byr=1900&eyr=2017&bmo=1&emo=12&r=DO |title=Dominican Republic eBird Bar Chart |author= |date= |website= |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |access-date=31 August 2017 |quote=}} 3. ^Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved 14 August 2018 See also
4 : Lists of birds by country|Birds of the Dominican Republic|Birds of Hispaniola|Lists of biota of the Dominican Republic |
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